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Psychology Modules 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are Psychology’s Current Perspectives? | Neuroscience, Evolutionary, Behaviour Genetics, Psychodynamic, Behavioural, Cognitive, Social-Cultural |
| What is the Nature vs. Nurture Controversy? | The longst controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviours. |
| What is psychiatry? | A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders. |
| What are the steps for the Scientific Investigation? | Question, find a Literary Review, create a Hypothesis, find a Method, Run the Study, Analyse the Data, and Draw a Conclusion. |
| What is a case study? | A method of research that examines one individual in depth in the hop of revealing things true of us all. Pros: it can reveal information about a group of people by examining a few. Cons: if the individual is atypical, the research is in valid. |
| What is naturalistic observation? | A method of research, it observed and records behaviour in naturally occurring situations without interference. Pros: findings that illuminate thought processes. Cons: social desirability, ethics. |
| What is a survey? | A method of research, it questions a representative from a random sampling. Pros: random sampling. Cons: wording can change the meaning, people can lie. |
| What is random sampling? | A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion. |
| What is correlation? | A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other. |
| What is correlation studies? | A method of research that measure the extent to which two factors vary together |
| What is a population? | All those in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn. |
| What is Experimentation? | A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors. Pro: can manipulate variables. Con: no single experiment is conclusive. |
| What is a control group? | The group not exposed to the treatment; the normal group. |
| What is the independent variable? | The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable who’s effect is being studied. |
| What is a dependent variable? | The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to independent variable. |
| What is a synapse? | The junction between the axon tip of the sending neurone and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neurone. |
| What happens at a synapse? | Meeting point between neurones; it interferes with a brief interruption in the transmission. |
| What is a sensory neurone? | Carries messages from the bodies tissues and sensory receptors inward to the brain and spinal cord. (afferent) |
| What are motor neurones? | Carry instructions from the central nervous system out to the body’s muscles. |
| What does the autonomic nervous system do? | It controls our glands and the muscles of our internal organs. |
| What is the sympathetic nervous system? | It arouses and expends energy. |
| What does the parasympathetic nervous system do? | Calms the body down. |
| What is the endocrine system? | The body’s “slow” chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the blood stream. |
| What is the primary gland in the endocrine system? | The pituitary gland; located in the core of the brain. |
| What is plasticity? | The brain’s ability to change, especially during childhood. |
| What is aphasia? | The loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage |
| Where do the mean, median, and mode fall in normal distribution? | The mid-point. |
| What is the difference between dominant and recessive genes? | DD dd Dd dD : two dominants will show the dominant trait; a dominant and a recessive trait will show dominant trait; two recessives will show recessive. |
| What is a hypothesis? | A proposition made as a basis for reasoning, without any assumption of its truth. |
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