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AP Psych 3bThe Brain
Unit 2 AP Psych brain anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Brainstem | The oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull. |
| Medulla | The base of the brainstem; controls heart-beat and breathing |
| Reticular Formation | A nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal. |
| Thalamus | The brain’s sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem.; it directs messages to the sensory |
| Cerebellum | The “little brain” at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance. |
| Limbic System | Doughnut shaped neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and drives. |
| Amygdala | Two lima bean sized neural clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotion |
| Hypothalamus | A neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities, helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward. |
| Split Brian | A condition resulting from surgery that isolates the brains two hemispheres by cutting the fibers connecting them. |
| Consciousness | Our awareness of ourselves and our environment |
| Cognitive neuroscience | The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition |
| Dual processing | The principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks. |
| Cerebral Cortex | The intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body’s ultimate control and information-processing center. |
| Glial Cells | Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons |
| Frontal lobes | Portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgements |
| Parietal lobes | Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and towards the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position. |
| Occipital lobes | Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes area that receive information from the visual fields |
| Temporal lobes | Portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each receiving information primarily from the opposite ear |
| Motor Complex | An area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements |
| Sensory cortex | Area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body tough and movement sensations. |
| Association areas | Areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor and sensory functions; rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking |
| Aphasia | Impairment of language |
| Broca’s Area | Controls language expression |
| Wernicke’s Area | Controls language reception |
| Plasticity | The brain’s ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience. |
| Neurogenesis | The formation of new neurons |
| Lesion | Tissue destruction |
| Electroencephalogram | An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain’s surface. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp |
| CT Scan | Series of X-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body. |
| PET Scan | A visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive from of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task |
| MRI | A technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue |
| Fmri | A technique for revealing bloodflow and therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans. |
Created by:
A. Shearer
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