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Chapter 20
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Actin | Molecules are strung together resembling twisted double strands of beads and containing binding sites for myosin |
| Myosin | Thick myofilament located in the center of saromere |
| Sarcolemma | Is the cell membrane surrounding muscle fibers called motor end plates |
| What is a synergist? | Are muscles that assist prime movers by performing the same movement at the same time |
| Muscle tone | Is the continuous and partial contraction of skeletal muscles |
| Fast twitch muscles | Contract more quickly and for shorter periods. These muscles possess a type of myosin that moves faster |
| What is the schema used to describe a muscle contraction | Sliding filament |
| Sarcomeres | Basic units of muscle contractions. Myofibrils contains repeating compartments along their entire length |
| Retinacula | Are bands of connective tissue’s that act like bracelets to stabilize tendons and keep them in place. They also function as pulleys for tendons |
| Define insertion | Are the tendinitis attachments on more movable bone during muscle contraction |
| Define origin | Are the tendinous attachments on the less movable bone or bone more stable during muscle contraction |
| What ion does the sarcoplasmic reticulum store? | Calcium |
| Muscle fibers become ____________ when they receive and respond to a stimulus | Excited |
| How many joints does a biarticular muscle cross have? | Cross two joints |
| Difference between -isometric and -isotonic contractions? | -isotonic contractions- muscle length changes -isometric contractions- muscle length remains the same, movement does not occur |
| Explain the class 1 levers.... | The fulcrum or joint is positioned between the load and the pull or muscle |
| Tendon | Cord like structure that anchors muscles to bone |
| Slow twitch muscles | Contract more slowly for longer periods and they take longer to fatigue. Type one or read muscles are also classified as a slow twitch muscles |
| What is functional reversibility? | Occurs when muscles reverse the relationship between attachment sites and muscle origins move toward their insertions |
| Epimysium | A strength of fibrous elastic tissue surrounding a muscle |
| Thermogenesis | The production of heat especially in a human or animal body |
| Aponeurosis | Broad flat tendon that attaches muscle to bone muscle to other muscle or muscle to skin |
| Difference between -eccentric -concentric | -eccentric- contractions cause muscles to elongate in response to a greater opposing force. -concentric- contraction causes muscle to shorten there by Generating force |
| List three functions of the muscular system... | Movement, posture, heat production. Mobility, stability, posture. |
| Oxygen debt | Amount of extra oxygen needed by muscle tissue to oxidize lactic acid following exercise |
| Fixator | Muscles that act like specialized synergist to stabilize joints or help maintain posture so prime movers can exert their action, fixator’s are also called stabilizers |
| Antagonist | Muscles that relax and lengthen while prime movers and their synergist contract to produce movement |
| Aerobic glycolysis | Refers to a condition in which glucose is converted to lactate in the presence of oxygen |
| Myoglobin | Red respiratory pigment in muscle cells similar to hemoglobin in red blood cells |
| Prime mover | Muscles causing specific or desired movement. movements produced by prime movers. Describe muscles action |
| Synergist | Muscles that facilitate movement caused by prime movers by performing same movement at same time |
| Recruitment | Process of motor unit activation based on need |
| What are the three parts of a neuromuscular junction? | -synaptic gap -acetylcholine -motor end plate SAM |
| Motor end plate | Folded sections of sarcolemma or covering |
| Type 1 muscle fibers | Muscle fibers that contain large amounts of myoglobin and mitochondna Also called red muscle “SLOW” |
| Type II muscle fibers | Have fewer myoglobin, mitochondria, and blood capillaries compared to type 1 Also called white muscle “Fast” |
| What is the main source of energy for muscle contractions | Adenosine triphosphate |
| What is the main neurotransmitter used in a muscle contraction | Acethylcholie (ACH) |
| Pennate | Muscles have muscle fibers emerging diagonally from one or more Central tendons. “ feather like appearance” |
| Convergent | Muscles have fibers joining at one end with fibers spreading out like a fan at other end |
| Fusiform | Tapering at both ends Spindle-shaped |
| Power stroke |
Created by:
HannaMarie89