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| Actin | Molecules are strung together resembling twisted double strands of beads and containing binding sites for myosin
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| Myosin | Thick myofilament located in the center of saromere
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| Sarcolemma | Is the cell membrane surrounding muscle fibers called motor end plates
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| What is a synergist? | Are muscles that assist prime movers by performing the same movement at the same time
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| Muscle tone | Is the continuous and partial contraction of skeletal muscles
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| Fast twitch muscles | Contract more quickly and for shorter periods. These muscles possess a type of myosin that moves faster
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| What is the schema used to describe a muscle contraction | Sliding filament
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| Sarcomeres | Basic units of muscle contractions. Myofibrils contains repeating compartments along their entire length
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| Retinacula | Are bands of connective tissue’s that act like bracelets to stabilize tendons and keep them in place. They also function as pulleys for tendons
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| Define insertion | Are the tendinitis attachments on more movable bone during muscle contraction
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| Define origin | Are the tendinous attachments on the less movable bone or bone more stable during muscle contraction
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| What ion does the sarcoplasmic reticulum store? | Calcium
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| Muscle fibers become ____________ when they receive and respond to a stimulus | Excited
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| How many joints does a biarticular muscle cross have? | Cross two joints
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| Difference between -isometric and -isotonic contractions? | -isotonic contractions- muscle length changes
-isometric contractions- muscle length remains the same, movement does not occur
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| Explain the class 1 levers.... | The fulcrum or joint is positioned between the load and the pull or muscle
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| Tendon | Cord like structure that anchors muscles to bone
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| Slow twitch muscles | Contract more slowly for longer periods and they take longer to fatigue. Type one or read muscles are also classified as a slow twitch muscles
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| What is functional reversibility? | Occurs when muscles reverse the relationship between attachment sites and muscle origins move toward their insertions
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| Epimysium | A strength of fibrous elastic tissue surrounding a muscle
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| Thermogenesis | The production of heat especially in a human or animal body
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| Aponeurosis | Broad flat tendon that attaches muscle to bone muscle to other muscle or muscle to skin
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| Difference between -eccentric -concentric | -eccentric- contractions cause muscles to elongate in response to a greater opposing force.
-concentric- contraction causes muscle to shorten there by Generating force
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| List three functions of the muscular system... | Movement, posture, heat production.
Mobility, stability, posture.
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| Oxygen debt | Amount of extra oxygen needed by muscle tissue to oxidize lactic acid following exercise
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| Fixator | Muscles that act like specialized synergist to stabilize joints or help maintain posture so prime movers can exert their action, fixator’s are also called stabilizers
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| Antagonist | Muscles that relax and lengthen while prime movers and their synergist contract to produce movement
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| Aerobic glycolysis | Refers to a condition in which glucose is converted to lactate in the presence of oxygen
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| Myoglobin | Red respiratory pigment in muscle cells similar to hemoglobin in red blood cells
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| Prime mover | Muscles causing specific or desired movement. movements produced by prime movers. Describe muscles action
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| Synergist | Muscles that facilitate movement caused by prime movers by performing same movement at same time
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| Recruitment | Process of motor unit activation based on need
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| What are the three parts of a neuromuscular junction? | -synaptic gap
-acetylcholine
-motor end plate
SAM
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| Motor end plate | Folded sections of sarcolemma or covering
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| Type 1 muscle fibers | Muscle fibers that contain large amounts of myoglobin and mitochondna
Also called red muscle
“SLOW”
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| Type II muscle fibers | Have fewer myoglobin, mitochondria, and blood capillaries compared to type 1
Also called white muscle
“Fast”
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| What is the main source of energy for muscle contractions | Adenosine triphosphate
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| What is the main neurotransmitter used in a muscle contraction | Acethylcholie (ACH)
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| Pennate | Muscles have muscle fibers emerging diagonally from one or more Central tendons. “ feather like appearance”
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| Convergent | Muscles have fibers joining at one end with fibers spreading out like a fan at other end
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| Fusiform | Tapering at both ends
Spindle-shaped
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| Power stroke |
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