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Immunology/dermatol.

Module 4

QuestionAnswer
Type 1 Osteoporosis# Postmenopausal. mainly during first 3-6 yrs post menopause. Increased trabecular bone loss. Can continue for 20 yrs. Fractures: Vertebral, Distal Radius, tooth loss.
Type 2 Osteoporosis# Senile. Men/women 70+ yo. F:M 2:1 Cortical/Trabecular bone loss. Fractures: hip, pelvic, vertebral.
Type 3 Osteoporosis# Secondary. Secondary to drugs/disease states. Men=women (any age). Disease States: Prim Hyperparyth.,liver/kidney failure, etc.Drugs: Corticosteroids, Anticonvulsants, furosemide, long term heparin, Aluminum antacids, excess levothyroxine, lithium, etc.
Cortical Bone# Hard Bone: Midshafts, outer surface long/flat bones. 75% of skeletal mass. Low porosity/surface/volume ratio. Decreased metabolic activity. Structural support
Cancellous Bone (trabecular)# Inner aspects of metaphysis of long bones & between cortical surfaces of vertabrae, ribs, pelvis. 25% of skeletal mass. High Porosity/Surface/volume Ratio. Increased metabolic activity.
Bone Remodeling Units# Repair damage, calcium homeostasis. 5 phases:Resting, Activation, Resorption, Reversal, Formation.
Osteoclasts# Bone resorption activated by: PTH, VitD, osteoblasts, IL-1, lymphotoxin, glucocorticoids, thyroid hormone, TNF. Inhibited by: calcitonin, estrogen, transforming growth factor beta.
Osteoblasts#
Created by: lulugonlolo
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