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Knee and Femur
Knee and Femur Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Longest and strongest bone | femur |
| Four major ligaments for the knee joint | posterior cruciate, anterior cruciate, fibular collateral, tibial collateral |
| Name three knee positions that are tunnel projections | BeClere, camp Coventry, homblad |
| Name two tangential knee projections | merchant and sunrise |
| A distinguishing difference between the lateral and medial condyle is the presence of _____________ | adductor tubercle on the posterior side of the medial condyle that receives the tendon of the adductor muscle |
| What do all tunnel views demonstrate | intercondylar fossa |
| How do you position a patient for the camp-coventry method | patient supine, flex knee 40-50degrees, CR to knee joint or popliteal depression, CR perpendicular to tib/fib, 40 SID. |
| What two tunnel projections are PA | holmblad and camp Coventry |
| What one tunnel view requires the CR to be perpendicular to the IR | Homblad method |
| The settegast method also called the inferosuperior projection requires the knees to be flexed __________ deg and the CR angle __________ to the lower legs | 40-45d, 10-15d |
| The joints at each end of the femur are a frequent source of pathology when trauma occurs because why | The entire weight of the body is transferred through the femur and associated joints |
| What do the medial and lateral condyles of the femur articulate with | the tibia |
| Why must the CR angle for a lateral knee be 5-7 degrees cephalad | the medial femoral condyle extends lower than the lateral femoral condyle when the femoral shaft is vertical |
| The medial and lateral epicondyles are attachments for what | the medial and lateral collateral ligaments |
| What is the largest sesmoid bone in the body | the patella |
| When the leg is extended the patella is where | superior to the patellar surface |
| When the leg is flexed the patella is where | downward over the patellar surface |
| Where is the apex of the patella located | along the inferior border |
| Where is the base of the patella located | the superior border |
| Does the patella articulate with the tibia | no! only with the femur |
| Where is the femorotibial joint located | between the two condyles of the femur and the condyles of the tibia |
| What is the femorotibial joint classified as | a synovial joint, bicondylar and diarthrodial that allows flexion and extension (and gliding and rotational with knee partially flexed) |
| Where is the patellofemoral joint located | where the patella articulates with the anterior surface of the distal femur |
| What is the patellofemoral joint classified as | a synovial joint, sellar/saddle and diarthrodial |
| What is the largest joint space of the human body | cavity of the knee joint |
| What is the knee joint | the knee joint is synovial type enclosed in an articular capsule or bursa |
| What are the medial and lateral menisci | fibrocartilage disks between the articular facets of the tibia and the femoral condyles |
| What projection shows the articular facets in profile | AP knee |
| Where do you center for an AP knee | parallel to the tibial plateau |
| Why are the femoral condyles superimposed but never completely | because of magnification |
| What is the same for all tunnels of the knee | CR perpendicular to tib/fib and demonstrates intercondylar fossa |
| Why is a PA patella preferred over an AP | less OID |
| What is demonstrated on an AP proximal femur | lesser trochanter superimposed and the greater trochanter in profile |
| What is demonstrated on an AP Distal femur | epicondyles parallel to IR |
| What is demonstrated on a Lateral proximal femur | lesser trochanter in profile and the greater trochanter is superiposed |
| What is demonstrated on a lateral distal femur | condyles are in line with long axis of femur for no rotation |
| Beclere method (ap axial) for tunnel knee requires _____degree knee flexion, CR angle of ____ degrees and the CR centered _______ | 40-45, 40-45 cephalad, ½ inched distal to apex of patella |
| Holmblad method (pa axial) for tunnel knee requires ______degree knee flexion, and the CR angle of ______degrees. | 60-70 degree knee flexion and no angle on CR (perp to IR) |
| Camp Coventry method (pa axial) for tunnel of knee requires _____degree knee flexion, and CR angle of ______ degrees. | 60-70 degree knee flexion and 40-50 degree caudad angle on CR |
| Do you rotate the knee for a true AP? | yup, 5 degree internal rotation of anterior knee will align interepicondylar line parallel to plane of IR. |
| How much should you flex the knee for a Lateral-Mediolateral patella projection? | 5-10 degrees additional flexion may cause separation of a fracture (p.253) |
| Define Baker Cyst | When an excess of knee joint fluid is compressed by the body weight between the bones of the knee joint, it can become trapped and separate from the joint to form the fluid-filled sac in the posterior knee. |
| The largest sesamoid bone in the body is the | patella |
| The tube angle for the Camp Coventry method for the PA axial (knee) is | 40 degrees |
| In order to better visualize the joint space in the AP projection of the knee on a large patient, the central ray should be angled how many degrees and in what direction? | 3-5 degrees cephalic |
| In the Be'clere position the patient is placed (supine, prone, or lateral)? | Supine |
| The centering point for the AP of the knee is | 1/2" distal from apex of Patella |
| This acts as a shock absorber in the knee | Meniscus |
| In the AP projection of the proximal femur, the foot should usually be slightly rotated internally ________ degrees. | 15-20 |
| Which projection of the patella provides sharper recorded detail, AP or PA? | PA |
| What is the name of the prominence on the posterior aspect of the femur that forms the popliteal surface? | Linea Aspera |
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