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AP PSYCH 1-15

AP Psychology

QuestionAnswer
What did Owen Gingerich say about the brain? It is by far the most complex physical object known to us in the entire cosmos
What two things did Socrates and Plato conclude? mind is separable from body and continues after we dies, and that knowledge is innate-born with us
Who is Plato's student? Aristotle
What did Aristotle derive principles from? principles from careful observations
What did Aristotle say about knowledge? knowledge is not preexisting but instead grows from experiences stored in our memories
Who agreed with Socrates and Plato's ideas? Rene Descartes
What did Descartes conclude by dissecting animals? fluid in the brain's cavities contained "animal spirits"
What did Descartes surmise about "animal spirits"? they flowed from the brain through what we call the nerves(which he thought were hollow) to the muscles, provoking movement
How did Descartes think memories form? as experiences opened pores in the brain into which the animal spirits also flowed
What was Descartes right about? nerve paths are important and that they enable reflexes
What did Francis Bacon rely on? common sense and experiments
What did Francis bacon study? the brain and its failings, how it always looks for patterns, and how its always looking for confirmation (Empiricism)
What did John Locke think about the mind? the mind at birth is a blank slate(tabula rasa)
What is empiricism? knowledge originates in experience and that science should rely on observation and experimentation then
Why is Wilhelm Wundt considered the father of psychology? he was the first to do an experiment on psychology, first one to consider psychology as a science
Who was Wundt's student? Edward Bradford Titchener
What did Titchener introduce at the cornell uni faculty? Structuralism
What is Structuralism? an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind
What did Titchener try to achieve with introspection? training them to report elements of their experience as they used their senses.
What did Titchener share with C.S.Lewis? there is only one thing in this universe that we know more about than we could learn from external observation and that is ourselves
In what ways was Introspection unreliable? it required smart and verbal people, results varied from person and experience. Overall we just do not know why we feel what we feel and do what we do.
What did William James assume? thinking developed because it was adaptive, contributed to our ancestors survival
What is functionalism? a school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function-how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish
Who taught the first psychology lecture? William James
Who was James female student who could not receive her PhD under Harvard's name? Mary Calkins
What did Calkins become the first female president of? APA
Who was the actual first female to receive a PhD is psychology? (who also later became the second female prez of APA) Margaret Floy Washburn
What was the first foreign study Wundt published in his journal? Washburn's Thesis
What was Washburn restricted from joining ? org. of experimental psychologists even tho it was founded by Titchener, her graduate advisor
Who wrote the first psychology textbook? William James
What did the young science of psychology develop from? philosophy and biology
Who dismissed introspection and redefined psychology as the scientific study of observable behavior? John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner
What two things did humanistic psychologists emphasize the importance of? current environmental influences on our growth potential and having our needs for love and acceptance satisfied
What is cognitive neuroscience? study of brain activity linked with mental activity
What is Psychology? the science of behavior and mental processes
What are mental processes? internal, subjective experiences we infer from behavior
What is the nature vs. nurture debate? the controversy over the relative contributions of biology and experience
What is natural selection? among chance variations, nature selects the traits that best enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment
What did Charles Darwin argue? natural selection shapes both behaviors and bodies
What is level of analysis? the differing complementary views from biological to psychological to socio cultural , for analyzing any given phenomenon
What is biopsychosocial? integrated viewpoint incorporates various levels of analysis and offers a more complete pic of any given behavior or mental processes
What is biological psych? studies the links between biological and psychological processes
What is evolutionary psych? study of the roots of behavior and mental processes using using the principles of natural selection
What is psychodynamic psych? studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders
What is Behavioral psych? the scientific study of observable behavior , and its explanation by principles of learning
What is cognitive psych? the scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
What is social-cultural? the study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking
What is psychometrics? scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits
What is developmental psychology? scientific study of physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the lifespan
What is educational psychology? the study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning
What is personality psychology? the study of an individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
What is social psychology? scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
What is basic research? science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base
What is applied research? scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
What is industrial-organizational psychology? the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces
What is human factors psychology? the study of how people and machines interact and the design of safe and easily used machines and environments
What is counseling psychology? assists people with problems in living and in achieving greater well being
What is clinical psychology? studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders
What is psychiatry? branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders: practiced by physicians who often provide medical treatments as well as psychological treatment
Created by: nailea89326
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