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Nutrition Finale
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Which of the following MyPlate food group is the richest source of vitamin D? | Dairy |
All of the following MyPlate food groups are good sources of vitamin B 12 except for the _ group. | Fruits |
The best food sources of vitamin K are found in the MyPlate Protein and Vegetables food groups. | True |
Brian’s need for a vitamin is 100 milligrams each day. The bioavailability of this vitamin is 35%. This means that Brian needs to consume _milligrams each day for this vitamin to meet his needs. | 135 |
If the diet is chronically low in fat, the bioavailability of which vitamins will be impacted most? | Vitamins A and D |
Which of the following vitamins has a coenzyme form? | Niacin |
An antioxidant is a substance that protects against oxidative damage. | True |
Antioxidants act by enhancing the formation of free radicals. | False |
Because fat-soluble vitamins are not stored in the body to any great extent, deficiency symptoms are quick to appear. | False |
Mary needs to increase her thiamin consumption. Which of the following contains the most thiamin? | 3 oz pork chop |
Which of the following statements regarding thiamin is true? | Alcoholics are particularly susceptible to thiamin deficiency because thiamin absorption is decreased due to the effect the alcohol has the GI tract |
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of pellagra? | Diabetes |
Niacin is synthesized in the body from the amino acid | Tryptphan |
Raw egg whites contain the protein avidin that binds biotin and prevents its absorption. | True |
Which of the following is not a function of vitamin B6? | Synthesis of collagen |
High levels of homo-cysteine in the blood increases cardiovascular risk. | True |
The best food sources for folate and for vitamin B12 are fresh fruits and vegetables. | Flase |
Vitamin B12 deficiency is particularly problematic because | it prevents folate from being converted to one of its active forms. |
Folate coenzymes are needed for the | synthesis of DNA and metabolism of some amino acids. |
Folate deficiency can lead to macrocytic or megaloblastic anemia. | True |
Intrinsic Factor is necessary for the absorption of which B vitamin? | Niacin |
Which of the following statements regarding vitamin B12 is false? | Vitamin B12 is absorbed in the duodenum section of the small intestine. |
When Vitamin C intake is below 10 mg per day, the symptoms of _begin to appear. | Scurvy |
A family member has been taking Vitamin C supplements, but is now wondering if he should continue to spend money on these supplements. What have you learned about Vitamin C that might help them with an evidence-based decision? | Excessive supplementation can cause diarrhea and can interfere with drugs prescribed to reduce blood clotting. |
Cells that are deficient in vitamin A become hard and dry because they produce _, a protein. | Keratin |
Vitamin D deficiency disease in children is called | Rickets |
Active _ is required to maintain normal blood calcium and phosphorus levels. | Vitamin D |
When vitamin D is deficient, calcium absorption is greatly affected. | True |
If you spend too much time in the sun, your body can reach toxic levels of vitamin D. | False |
In its role as an antioxidant, _ guards cell membranes, body proteins, DNA, and cholesterol, and thus helps prevent heart disease, cancer, macular degeneration, and other chronic diseases. | Vitamin E |
With a severe deficiency of _, even a bruise or small scratch could cause you to bleed to death. | Vitamin K |
_ is the major symptom of Vitamin K deficiency. | Abnormal blood coagulation |
To ensure normal blood clotting, newborn babies are typically given a vitamin K injection. | True |
Of the following dieters, who would benefit the most from taking a multivitamin/multimineral supplement? | Shaundra, who is on a diet that provides 1200 calories per day |
The best way to ensure that you meet your nutrient needs without taking a dietary supplement is to | eat a variety of foods daily |
Smokers have higher vitamin C needs than nonsmokers. | True |
The distribution of water between intra- and extra-cellular spaces depends on concentration differences of _, or dissolved substances, including protein, sodium, and potassium. | Solutes |
Bernard is a football player on your university football team and he is eating high amounts of protein. Considering his high protein intake, how should he adjust his water intake and why? | He needs to increase his daily water intake to help the kidneys excrete the protein waste products. |
Adam has just returned from his long run of 6 miles in which he forgot his water bottle. Which of the following processes is most likely happening in Adam’s body? | The antidiuretic hormone is signaling the kidneys to reabsorb water, thus decreasing the amount of water lost in the urine. |
The thirst sensation is activated when blood volume is low, thus the solute level is more concentrated. | True |
Like carbohydrate, water provides 4 Kcal of energy per gram. | False |
Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the human body? | Regulation of blood glucose |
Urine color charts help people monitor their _ status. | Hydration |
Water intoxication is a condition that occurs when a person drinks enough water to significantly lower the concentration of _ in the blood. | Sodium |
Which of the following does NOT increase a person’s need for water? | Following a low-sodium diet |
A deficiency of a trace mineral is just as damaging to your health as a deficiency of a major mineral. | True |
Which of the following is not a trace mineral? | Calcium |
Dried fruits are good sources of which of the following minerals? | Iron and potassium |
Phytic acid, tannins, and oxalates _____the absorption of many minerals. | Decreases |
Which of the following minerals help regulate fluid balance? | Sodium, potassium, and chloride |
Which list below best reflects the minerals that aid transmission of nerve impulses and provide for optimal muscle contraction? | Sodium, calcium, potassium, and chloride |
Most of the minerals have only one primary function in the body. | False |
Outward symptoms of hypertension include which of the following? | There are no outward symptoms. |
A healthy blood pressure is _mm of mercury. | 120/80 |
Which of the following is FALSE about hypertension? | Dietary intake of sodium, but not magnesium or calcium, affects blood pressure. |
Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption by the kidneys. | True |
The health problem most commonly associated with electrolyte imbalance is hypertension. | True |
Which of the following groups of individuals should consume no more than1500 mg of sodium daily? | All of these should reduce their sodium consumption. |
Excess body weight is associated with _risk of osteoporosis development. | Reduced |
When blood calcium levels are low, parathyroid hormone will | Increase |
All calcium in the body is found in the bone. | False |
The protein molecule that is found in red blood cells that transports oxygen to body cells is called | Hemoglobin |
Heme iron is more bioavailable than non-heme iron. | True |
_ enhances the bioavailability of non-heme iron. | Vitamin C |
Vegetarians have a separate RDA for iron due to their limited consumption of non-heme iron. | False |
Because selenium is part of the enzyme glutathione-peroxidase, it _ the body’s need for vitamin E. | Decreases |
Which deficiency disease would be common in the areas with selenium-deficient soils? | Hemochromatosis |
A goiter occurs as a result of deficiency of: | Iodine |
When chromium is deficient, _ insulin is required to produce the same effect on blood sugar as when someone has adequate chromium status. | More |
About 25% of the bottled water sold in the United States is the same water that comes from local municipal water supplies or “tap” water. | True |
Sleep disorders and menstrual irregularities are associated with an obese condition. | True |
_ is the body mass attributed to non-fat body components, such as bone, muscle, and internal organs. | Lean body mass |
William has a BMI of 26.5 kg/m2. He would therefore be classified as | Overweight |
A BMI of 18 kg/m2 is classified as obese. | False |
When determining the level of health risk, using the BMI is sufficient. | False |
_ measures an electric current traveling through the body and is used to determine body composition. | Bioelectrical impedance |
A healthy level of body fat for a young adult female is _ than that of a young adult male. | Greater than |
The desire to consume specific foods is called | Appetite |
For most people, the majority of their total energy expenditure is from their | Basal metabolism |
Which of the following would NOT have an increased BMR? | John, who is a sedentary 60 year old . |
Which of the following does NOT factor into calculating an individual’s EER? | Ethnicity |
To maintain a steady supply of blood glucose, fat is released from the adipose tissue. | False |
Which of the following physiological signals is NOT indicative of satiation? | Increase in pH of the stomach from the pH of the food entering |
Which of the following statements regarding weight loss drugs is FALSE? | Weight loss usually continues, even after you stop taking the drugs, as long has you have taken the drugs for 8 weeks |
The most common eating disorder is | Binge-eating disorder. |
Which of the following is characteristic of anorexia nervosa but not of bulimia nervosa? | Loss of menstruation |
Which of the following body systems is not strengthened by aerobic exercise? | Endocrine |
_ are activities that specifically increase muscle strength, endurance, and size. | Weight lifting and shoveling snow |
Maximum heart rate _ with age. | Decreases |
Aerobic exercise is considered to be at an intensity of _ % of maximum heart rate. | 60-85% |
Which of the following statements regarding ATP production is FALSE? | The majority of ATP is produced by anaerobic metabolism |
The majority of creatine phosphate is found in the liver. | False |
The predominate fuel used by muscle during a 10K race (~50 minutes) is | Carbohydrate |
When an athlete “hits the wall”, which fuel has been depleted? | Glycogen |
Where can your muscles get glucose to fuel activity? | All of these are sources of glucose. |
Strength training increases the use of protein for energy. | True |
Physical performance is improved by consuming a very low-fat diet (less than 10% of calories) for endurance athletes (e.g. marathon runners). | False |
Endurance athletes should focus on replenishing which fuel store in the body prior to the next workout? | Glycogen in the muscle and liver |
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the female athlete triad? | Improved bone density |
Hyponatremia is a concern of marathon runners which can be caused by | Amenorrhea |
Ryan is a football player who lost 2 pounds of weight during football practice. How much fluid should he drink to replace the amount he lost during practice? | 5 cups |
Water is the best fluid choice for Cyndie during exercise because she typically rides her bicycle for 75 minutes during an exercise session. | False |
Which of the following statements regarding carbohydrate loading is FALSE? | Carbohydrate loading is more appropriate for those competing in short-duration events. |
Which of the following is NOT a purpose of a pre-exercise meal? | Maximize fat stores |
Post-event meals should accomplish which of the following? | Provide protein for building and repairing muscle tissue |
Which of the following would be the best pre-exercise meal for a marathon runner? | 1 cup corn flakes with skim milk and a banana |
The best post-exercise foods for marathon runners contain | Carbohydrate and protein. |
Muscles enlarge in response to exercise stress, not to extra dietary amino acids. | True |
Of the following athletes, who is least likely to benefit from creatine supplements? | Marathon runner |
The majority of food borne illnesses occur from consuming food that is contaminated by | Microbes |
Salmonella is the most common cause of food-borne illness in the United States. | True |
The deadliest of all bacterial food toxins is produced by | Clostridium botulinum |
Because _ can be contaminated with botulism spores, it should never be fed to infants under 1 year of age. | Honey |
The incidence of _ infection is higher during the summer months when warm water favors its growth. | Vibrio vulnificus |
Trichinella spriralis and Cryptosporidium parvum are | Parasites. |
Exposure to aflatoxin can lead to | Liver Cancer. |
Which of the following bacteria is most likely growing in a bulging can of green beans? | Clostridium Botulinum |
Between _ degrees Fahrenheit, bacteria will multiply the most rapidly. | 41-135 |
All of the following are preservation techniques that kill microbes EXCEPT | Freezing |
Most cases of food-borne illnesses are a result of contamination within the food service establishment. | False |
The HACCP system is proactive rather than reactive. | True |
Once a food is contaminated with a pathogen it is not safe to eat, even if it is prepared in a manner that destroys pathogens or toxins that are present. | True |
Thoroughly washing contaminated produce will effectively kill the E. coli bacterium present. | False |
Which of the following is an anaerobic bacteria, and thus is called the “cafeteria germ”? | Clostridium perfringens |
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of organic food production techniques? | Organic foods are risk-free of microbial food-borne illness |
Bacteria commonly found in ground beef? | E. coli |
“Traveler’s diarrhea” is commonly caused by this bacteria | E.coli |
This bacteria can cause spontaneous abortions and stillbirths if a woman is pregnant. | Listeria monocytogenes |
Which is NOT a possible carcinogen? | Acrylamide |
Which is NOT a common genetically modified crop in the US? | Olive |
Which is considered a metal food contaminant? | Mercury |
Which is NOT an ergogenic aid? | Specialized training |
Epson salts are made from which mineral? | Magnesium |
Which of these ergogenic aids is legal to use in sports? | Caffeine |
An ergogenic aid that was popular with cyclist but is now illegal. | EPO |
Eating disorder that is characterized by eating non food items. | Pica |
Which is NOT a characteristic of someone suffering from binge eating disorder? | Normal weight |
Which is NOT a hormone related to weight control? | Progesterone |
Carrying excess fat around your hips/buttocks is more dangerous for your health then carrying extra fat around your abdomen. | False |
Consuming this neutralizes acids to delay fatigue | Bicarbonate |
Which is the best post exercise snack? | Protein powder and water |
Which is the best pre exercise snack/meal? | High carb/modereate protein meal |
Which vitamin is associated with bone health? | Vitamin D |
Which mineral in excess can stop your heart? | Potassium |
Hyponatremia refers to low blood levels of: | Sodium |
The main function of Vitamin E on the body is to act as a(n): | Antioxidant |
The coenzyme FAD is formed from what vitamin? | Riboflavin |
A child that is bowed legged is likely deficient in vitamin: | Vit. D |
Which of the following foods contain the highest concentration of thiamin? | Pork |
What is the likely side effect for someone who consumes large quantities of carrots | Skin yellowing |
A deficiency of which vitamin results in cracking in the corners of the lips: | Riboflavin |
What is the primary excretory route for water soluble vitamins; | Urine |
Which of the following food substances can be converted to vitamin A in the body? | Beta-carotene |
Which of the following is an early sign of vitamin C deficiency? | Bleeding gums |
Low maternal folate intake increases the risk of birth defects called neural tube defects. | True |