Nutrition Finale
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| Which of the following MyPlate food group is the richest source of vitamin D? | Dairy
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| All of the following MyPlate food groups are good sources of vitamin B 12 except for the _ group. | Fruits
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| The best food sources of vitamin K are found in the MyPlate Protein and Vegetables food groups. | True
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| Brian’s need for a vitamin is 100 milligrams each day. The bioavailability of this vitamin is 35%. This means that Brian needs to consume _milligrams each day for this vitamin to meet his needs. | 135
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| If the diet is chronically low in fat, the bioavailability of which vitamins will be impacted most? | Vitamins A and D
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| Which of the following vitamins has a coenzyme form? | Niacin
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| An antioxidant is a substance that protects against oxidative damage. | True
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| Antioxidants act by enhancing the formation of free radicals. | False
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| Because fat-soluble vitamins are not stored in the body to any great extent, deficiency symptoms are quick to appear. | False
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| Mary needs to increase her thiamin consumption. Which of the following contains the most thiamin? | 3 oz pork chop
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| Which of the following statements regarding thiamin is true? | Alcoholics are particularly susceptible to thiamin deficiency because thiamin absorption is decreased due to the effect the alcohol has the GI tract
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| Which of the following is NOT a symptom of pellagra? | Diabetes
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| Niacin is synthesized in the body from the amino acid | Tryptphan
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| Raw egg whites contain the protein avidin that binds biotin and prevents its absorption. | True
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| Which of the following is not a function of vitamin B6? | Synthesis of collagen
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| High levels of homo-cysteine in the blood increases cardiovascular risk. | True
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| The best food sources for folate and for vitamin B12 are fresh fruits and vegetables. | Flase
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| Vitamin B12 deficiency is particularly problematic because | it prevents folate from being converted to one of
its active forms.
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| Folate coenzymes are needed for the | synthesis of DNA and metabolism of some amino acids.
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| Folate deficiency can lead to macrocytic or megaloblastic anemia. | True
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| Intrinsic Factor is necessary for the absorption of which B vitamin? | Niacin
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| Which of the following statements regarding vitamin B12 is false? | Vitamin B12 is absorbed in the duodenum section of the small intestine.
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| When Vitamin C intake is below 10 mg per day, the symptoms of _begin to appear. | Scurvy
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| A family member has been taking Vitamin C supplements, but is now wondering if he should continue to spend money on these supplements. What have you learned about Vitamin C that might help them with an evidence-based decision? | Excessive supplementation can cause diarrhea and can interfere with drugs prescribed to reduce blood clotting.
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| Cells that are deficient in vitamin A become hard and dry because they produce _, a protein. | Keratin
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| Vitamin D deficiency disease in children is called | Rickets
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| Active _ is required to maintain normal blood calcium and phosphorus levels. | Vitamin D
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| When vitamin D is deficient, calcium absorption is greatly affected. | True
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| If you spend too much time in the sun, your body can reach toxic levels of vitamin D. | False
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| In its role as an antioxidant, _ guards cell membranes, body proteins, DNA, and cholesterol, and thus helps prevent heart disease, cancer, macular degeneration, and other chronic diseases. | Vitamin E
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| With a severe deficiency of _, even a bruise or small scratch could cause you to bleed to death. | Vitamin K
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| _ is the major symptom of Vitamin K deficiency. | Abnormal blood coagulation
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| To ensure normal blood clotting, newborn babies are typically given a vitamin K injection. | True
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| Of the following dieters, who would benefit the most from taking a multivitamin/multimineral supplement? | Shaundra, who is on a diet that provides 1200 calories per day
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| The best way to ensure that you meet your nutrient needs without taking a dietary supplement is to | eat a variety of foods daily
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| Smokers have higher vitamin C needs than nonsmokers. | True
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| The distribution of water between intra- and extra-cellular spaces depends on concentration differences of _, or dissolved substances, including protein, sodium, and potassium. | Solutes
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| Bernard is a football player on your university football team and he is eating high amounts of protein. Considering his high protein intake, how should he adjust his water intake and why? | He needs to increase his daily water intake to help the kidneys excrete the protein waste products.
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| Adam has just returned from his long run of 6 miles in which he forgot his water bottle. Which of the following processes is most likely happening in Adam’s body? | The antidiuretic hormone is signaling the kidneys to reabsorb water, thus decreasing the amount of water lost in the urine.
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| The thirst sensation is activated when blood volume is low, thus the solute level is more concentrated. | True
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| Like carbohydrate, water provides 4 Kcal of energy per gram. | False
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| Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the human body? | Regulation of blood glucose
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| Urine color charts help people monitor their _ status. | Hydration
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| Water intoxication is a condition that occurs when a person drinks enough water to significantly lower the concentration of _ in the blood. | Sodium
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| Which of the following does NOT increase a person’s need for water? | Following a low-sodium diet
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| A deficiency of a trace mineral is just as damaging to your health as a deficiency of a major mineral. | True
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| Which of the following is not a trace mineral? | Calcium
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| Dried fruits are good sources of which of the following minerals? | Iron and potassium
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| Phytic acid, tannins, and oxalates _____the absorption of many minerals. | Decreases
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| Which of the following minerals help regulate fluid balance? | Sodium, potassium, and chloride
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| Which list below best reflects the minerals that aid transmission of nerve impulses and provide for optimal muscle contraction? | Sodium, calcium, potassium, and chloride
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| Most of the minerals have only one primary function in the body. | False
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| Outward symptoms of hypertension include which of the following? | There are no outward symptoms.
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| A healthy blood pressure is _mm of mercury. | 120/80
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| Which of the following is FALSE about hypertension? | Dietary intake of sodium, but not magnesium or calcium, affects blood pressure.
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| Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption by the kidneys. | True
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| The health problem most commonly associated with electrolyte imbalance is hypertension. | True
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| Which of the following groups of individuals should consume no more than1500 mg of sodium daily? | All of these should reduce their sodium consumption.
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| Excess body weight is associated with _risk of osteoporosis development. | Reduced
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| When blood calcium levels are low, parathyroid hormone will | Increase
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| All calcium in the body is found in the bone. | False
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| The protein molecule that is found in red blood cells that transports oxygen to body cells is called | Hemoglobin
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| Heme iron is more bioavailable than non-heme iron. | True
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| _ enhances the bioavailability of non-heme iron. | Vitamin C
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| Vegetarians have a separate RDA for iron due to their limited consumption of non-heme iron. | False
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| Because selenium is part of the enzyme glutathione-peroxidase, it _ the body’s need for vitamin E. | Decreases
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| Which deficiency disease would be common in the areas with selenium-deficient soils? | Hemochromatosis
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| A goiter occurs as a result of deficiency of: | Iodine
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| When chromium is deficient, _ insulin is required to produce the same effect on blood sugar as when someone has adequate chromium status. | More
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| About 25% of the bottled water sold in the United States is the same water that comes from local municipal water supplies or “tap” water. | True
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| Sleep disorders and menstrual irregularities are associated with an obese condition. | True
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| _ is the body mass attributed to non-fat body components, such as bone, muscle, and internal organs. | Lean body mass
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| William has a BMI of 26.5 kg/m2. He would therefore be classified as | Overweight
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| A BMI of 18 kg/m2 is classified as obese. | False
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| When determining the level of health risk, using the BMI is sufficient. | False
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| _ measures an electric current traveling through the body and is used to determine body composition. | Bioelectrical impedance
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| A healthy level of body fat for a young adult female is _ than that of a young adult male. | Greater than
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| The desire to consume specific foods is called | Appetite
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| For most people, the majority of their total energy expenditure is from their | Basal metabolism
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| Which of the following would NOT have an increased BMR? | John, who is a sedentary 60 year old .
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| Which of the following does NOT factor into calculating an individual’s EER? | Ethnicity
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| To maintain a steady supply of blood glucose, fat is released from the adipose tissue. | False
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| Which of the following physiological signals is NOT indicative of satiation? | Increase in pH of the stomach from the pH of the food entering
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| Which of the following statements regarding weight loss drugs is FALSE? | Weight loss usually continues, even after you stop taking the drugs, as long has you have taken the drugs for 8 weeks
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| The most common eating disorder is | Binge-eating disorder.
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| Which of the following is characteristic of anorexia nervosa but not of bulimia nervosa? | Loss of menstruation
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| Which of the following body systems is not strengthened by aerobic exercise? | Endocrine
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| _ are activities that specifically increase muscle strength, endurance, and size. | Weight lifting and shoveling snow
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| Maximum heart rate _ with age. | Decreases
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| Aerobic exercise is considered to be at an intensity of _ % of maximum heart rate. | 60-85%
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| Which of the following statements regarding ATP production is FALSE? | The majority of ATP is produced by anaerobic metabolism
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| The majority of creatine phosphate is found in the liver. | False
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| The predominate fuel used by muscle during a 10K race (~50 minutes) is | Carbohydrate
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| When an athlete “hits the wall”, which fuel has been depleted? | Glycogen
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| Where can your muscles get glucose to fuel activity? | All of these are sources of glucose.
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| Strength training increases the use of protein for energy. | True
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| Physical performance is improved by consuming a very low-fat diet (less than 10% of calories) for endurance athletes (e.g. marathon runners). | False
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| Endurance athletes should focus on replenishing which fuel store in the body prior to the next workout? | Glycogen in the muscle and liver
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| Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the female athlete triad? | Improved bone density
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| Hyponatremia is a concern of marathon runners which can be caused by | Amenorrhea
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| Ryan is a football player who lost 2 pounds of weight during football practice. How much fluid should he drink to replace the amount he lost during practice? | 5 cups
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| Water is the best fluid choice for Cyndie during exercise because she typically rides her bicycle for 75 minutes during an exercise session. | False
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| Which of the following statements regarding carbohydrate loading is FALSE? | Carbohydrate loading is more appropriate for those competing in short-duration events.
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| Which of the following is NOT a purpose of a pre-exercise meal? | Maximize fat stores
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| Post-event meals should accomplish which of the following? | Provide protein for building and repairing muscle tissue
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| Which of the following would be the best pre-exercise meal for a marathon runner? | 1 cup corn flakes with skim milk and a banana
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| The best post-exercise foods for marathon runners contain | Carbohydrate and protein.
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| Muscles enlarge in response to exercise stress, not to extra dietary amino acids. | True
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| Of the following athletes, who is least likely to benefit from creatine supplements? | Marathon runner
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| The majority of food borne illnesses occur from consuming food that is contaminated by | Microbes
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| Salmonella is the most common cause of food-borne illness in the United States. | True
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| The deadliest of all bacterial food toxins is produced by | Clostridium botulinum
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| Because _ can be contaminated with botulism spores, it should never be fed to infants under 1 year of age. | Honey
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| The incidence of _ infection is higher during the summer months when warm water favors its growth. | Vibrio vulnificus
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| Trichinella spriralis and Cryptosporidium parvum are | Parasites.
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| Exposure to aflatoxin can lead to | Liver Cancer.
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| Which of the following bacteria is most likely growing in a bulging can of green beans? | Clostridium Botulinum
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| Between _ degrees Fahrenheit, bacteria will multiply the most rapidly. | 41-135
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| All of the following are preservation techniques that kill microbes EXCEPT | Freezing
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| Most cases of food-borne illnesses are a result of contamination within the food service establishment. | False
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| The HACCP system is proactive rather than reactive. | True
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| Once a food is contaminated with a pathogen it is not safe to eat, even if it is prepared in a manner that destroys pathogens or toxins that are present. | True
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| Thoroughly washing contaminated produce will effectively kill the E. coli bacterium present. | False
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| Which of the following is an anaerobic bacteria, and thus is called the “cafeteria germ”? | Clostridium perfringens
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| Which of the following is NOT a benefit of organic food production techniques? | Organic foods are risk-free of microbial food-borne illness
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| Bacteria commonly found in ground beef? | E. coli
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| “Traveler’s diarrhea” is commonly caused by this bacteria | E.coli
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| This bacteria can cause spontaneous abortions and stillbirths if a woman is pregnant. | Listeria monocytogenes
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| Which is NOT a possible carcinogen? | Acrylamide
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| Which is NOT a common genetically modified crop in the US? | Olive
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| Which is considered a metal food contaminant? | Mercury
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| Which is NOT an ergogenic aid? | Specialized training
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| Epson salts are made from which mineral? | Magnesium
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| Which of these ergogenic aids is legal to use in sports? | Caffeine
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| An ergogenic aid that was popular with cyclist but is now illegal. | EPO
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| Eating disorder that is characterized by eating non food items. | Pica
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| Which is NOT a characteristic of someone suffering from binge eating disorder? | Normal weight
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| Which is NOT a hormone related to weight control? | Progesterone
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| Carrying excess fat around your hips/buttocks is more dangerous for your health then carrying extra fat around your abdomen. | False
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| Consuming this neutralizes acids to delay fatigue | Bicarbonate
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| Which is the best post exercise snack? | Protein powder and water
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| Which is the best pre exercise snack/meal? | High carb/modereate protein meal
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| Which vitamin is associated with bone health? | Vitamin D
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| Which mineral in excess can stop your heart? | Potassium
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| Hyponatremia refers to low blood levels of: | Sodium
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| The main function of Vitamin E on the body is to act as a(n): | Antioxidant
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| The coenzyme FAD is formed from what vitamin? | Riboflavin
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| A child that is bowed legged is likely deficient in vitamin: | Vit. D
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| Which of the following foods contain the highest concentration of thiamin? | Pork
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| What is the likely side effect for someone who consumes large quantities of carrots | Skin yellowing
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| A deficiency of which vitamin results in cracking in the corners of the lips: | Riboflavin
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| What is the primary excretory route for water soluble vitamins; | Urine
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| Which of the following food substances can be converted to vitamin A in the body? | Beta-carotene
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| Which of the following is an early sign of vitamin C deficiency? | Bleeding gums
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| Low maternal folate intake increases the risk of birth defects called neural tube defects. | True
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