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Law Vocab *
D - O
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| defendant | accused in a criminal case; the person from whom $ or other recovery is sought in a civil case |
| defense attorney | the lawyer who represents the accused person |
| deliberation | the jury's decision-making process after hearing the evidence, closing arguments, and instruction to the jury |
| delinquency | the commission of an illegal act by a juvenile |
| deposition | the testimony of a witness taken under oath outside of court |
| detain | stopping a person briefly to inquire, question, or conduct a reasonable investigation |
| direct examination | the questioning of a witness by the attorney for the party on whose behalf the witness is called |
| discovery | the process by which parties to an action are allowed to gain relevant information known to the toher party prior to the trial |
| diversion | a process for handling a insignificant juvenile violation informally. Continuance of a case for a period of time and dimissal of it if conditions are met |
| due process | the method for determining whether a person is guilty, incorporating rules which protect an individual's rights |
| en banc | a full court. Many appellate courts sit in part or as a committee rather than using the full contingent of judges that are on the court |
| evidence | present in court to prove or disprove an allegation |
| exclusionary rule | evidence which was obtained illegally and cannot be used in a criminal trial against a defendant |
| exclusive jurisdiction | the matter can only be filed in one court |
| exhibit | objects presented in court to prove the facts of a case |
| extradition | the surrender of an accused or fugitive from one jurisdiction to another |
| fine | a sum of money paid as part of a penalty or conviction for a particular offense |
| grand jury | 12 - 23 citizens who hear evidence to decide whether a defendant should be held for a felony trial |
| guilty | convicted of an offense/culpable |
| habeas corpus | a court order to have a prisoner released if he is being held illegally |
| hearsay | second-hand evidence |
| hung jury | a jury unable to reach a verdict as required by law |
| incarceration | confinement in a jail or prison |
| incriminate | to imply the guilt of an individual |
| indictment | an accusation made by a grand jury that the accused has violated a law |
| information (complaint) | a document charging an individual with the commission of a crime |
| irrelevant | evidence not sufficiently related to the matter at issue |
| judge | a person appointed to hear and decide questions of law in court cases and to make certain that fair procedures are used |
| judgment | the official decision of a court |
| jurisdiction | the legal authority of a court to hear a case or condcut other proceedings |
| jury | a group of qualified people who hear the evidence in a trial and give a verdict |
| jury trial | a trial in which a group of citizens listens to the evidence presented in a court and gives its verdict |
| liability | a legal responsibility, obligation, or debt |
| mens rea | a guilty mind, the intent required to commit the crime |
| mistrial | a trial which is void due to an error |
| motion | a request presented to the court in legal form |
| negligence | failure to exercise the care that a responsible person would |
| nolo contendere | a plea in a criminal case which is similar to a guilty plea, except the defendant does not admit having committed the crime |
| oath | the swearing before the court that you will tell the truth or decide the case fairly |
| original jurisdiction | the court in which a matter must first be filed |
| objection | a party claim that the witness, the question, evidence, etc. is improper and should not be allowed |
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