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Module 1
Pharmacology module 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Absorption | Process by which a drug is taken into the body and moves from the site of administration into the blood. |
| Adverse effect | Undesired, potentially harmful side effects of drugs. |
| Agonist | Drug molecule that binds to a receptor and causes a response |
| Antagonist | Drug that binds to specific receptor sites and prevents other medications from binding to these same sites, reversing or not allowing them to have an effect. |
| Bioavailability | The extent to which an administered amount of a drug reaches the site of action and is available to produce its effects. |
| Biotechnology | Concepts of genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology. |
| Biotransformation | Process of changing the chemical composition of a drug from lipid-soluble molecules into water-soluble molecules that can be more easily excreted; usually takes place in the liver; also known as drug metabolism. |
| Bolus | Entire dose of medication given all at once |
| Contraindication | Condition when the use of a given medication should be avoided |
| Distribution | Process in which the circulatory system transports a drug throughout the body and drug molecules eventually diffuse out of the bloodstream to the site of action. |
| Duration | Time between onset and disappearance of drug effects. |
| Emulsion | Medication contained in a mixture of water and oil bound together with an emulsifier |
| Enteral | Pertaining to the intestinal tract. |
| Excretion | Process of elimination of drug molecules from the body; usually by the urinary system. |
| Hypersensitivity | Allergic response resulting from previous exposure to the drug or a similar drug; a type of adverse effect to a drug. |
| Idiosyncratic effect | Rare and unpredictable adverse effects of some drugs on individuals in which the mechanism of the effect may not be known or clearly understood. |
| Indication | Reason a medication is used to treat a condition. |
| Local effect | Medication acts at the site of application. |
| Onset | Time between administration of a drug and the first appearance of effects. |
| Parenteral | Pertaining to any drug administration route other than the intestinal tract. |
| Pharmacodynamics | Study of how drug actions affect the body. |
| Pharmacokinetics | Study of how the body processes drugs |
| Plasma protein binding | Process in which some drug molecules attach to proteins (albumins and globulins) contained in blood plasma |
| Reconstituted | Mixing a powder with a liquid to form a solution. |
| Side effect | Predictable but unintended effect of a drug. |
| Solubility | Characteristic indicating how easily a drug can be dissolved in a fluid. |
| Solution | Mixture of drug particles fully dissolved in a liquid. |
| Suspension | Mixture of undissolved drug particles floating in a liquid |
| Synergist | Drug that enhances the effect of another drug. |
| Systemic effect | Medication acts throughout the body. |
| Topical | Pertaining to a surface; drug administration route applied to the skin or a mucous membrane–lined cavity. |
| Controlled substances | Medication with the potential to be misused or abused, controlled by the Drug Enforcement Administration, and given a classification/schedule. |
| Narcotics | Term for a controlled substance that depresses the central nervous system for pain control and has the potential to become habit-forming |
| DEA | Drug Enforcement Administration, part of the Department of Justice, established to enforce the Controlled Substances Act. |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration. Agency within the Department of Health and Human Services that regulates the pharmaceutical industry. |
| The Joint Commission | Organization that evaluates and accredits health care organizations and programs in the United States. |
| OTC | Term used for over-the-counter medication that does not require a prescription. |
| PDR | Physicians’ Desk Reference. Reference that provides information on medications used in medical and surgical practice |
| USP-NF | United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary. Two different official national lists of approved medications |
Created by:
dkalafut
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