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PSY 210
Chapter 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Separation Anxiety | Distress when a familiar caregiver or loved one leaves; most obvious between 9 and 14 months. |
| Stranger Wariness | An infant's expression of concern (a quiet stare while clinging to a familiar person or a look of fear) when a stranger appears. |
| Self-Awareness | A persons' realization that he/she is a distinct individual whose body, mind, and actions are separate from those of other people. |
| Temperament | Inborn differences between one person and another in emotions, activity, and self-regulation. |
| Attachment | According to Ainsworth, "an affectional tie" that an infant has with a caregiver-a tie that binds them together in space and endures over time. |
| Secure Attachment | A relationship in which an infant obtains both comfort and confidence from the presence of his or her caregiver. |
| Insecure-Avoidant Attachment | A pattern of which an infant avoids connection with the caregiver, as when the infant seems not to care about the caregiver's presence, departure, or return. |
| Insecure-Resistant/Ambivalent Attachment | A pattern of attachment in which an infant;s anxiety and uncertainty are evident, as wen the infant becomes very upset at separation from the caregiver, such infants both resist and seek contact on reunion. |
| Disorganized Attachment | A type of attachment that is marked by an infant's inconsistent reactions to the caregiver's departure and return. |
| Strange Situation | A laboratory procedure for measuring attachment by evoking infants' reactions to the stress of various adults comings and goings in an unfamiliar situation. |
| Social Referencing | Seeking information about how to react to an unfamiliar or ambiguous object or event by observing someone else's expressions and reactions. |
| Social Learning | The acquisition of behavior patterns by observing the behavior of others. |
| Trust vs Mistrust | Erikson's first crisis of psychosocial development: infants learn a basic trust if the world is a secure place where their basic needs are met. |
| Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt | Erikson's second crisis of psychosocial development: toddlers either succeed or fail in gaining a sense of self-rule over their actions and bodies. |
| Proximal Parenting | Caregiving practices that involve being physically close to the baby. |
| Distal Parenting | Caregiving practices that keep some distance from the baby, with minimal holding and touching. |
Created by:
cpruett8
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