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PSY 210

Chapter 3

TermDefinition
Norm An average, or standard, calculated from many individuals within a specific group or population.
REM (Rapid Eye Movement) A stage of sleep characterized by flickering eyes behind closed lids, indicating dreaming.
Co-Sleeping A custom in which parents and their children (usually infants) sleep in the same room.
Bed-Sharing When two or more people share the same bed.
Head-Sparing A biological mechanism that protects the brain from when malnutrition disrupts body growth.
Neurons Nerve cells in the central nervous system, especially in the brain.
Cortex The outer layers of the brain in humans and other mammals.Most thinking, feeling, and sensing involve the cortex.
Prefrontal Cortex The are of the cortex at the very front of the brain that specializes in anticipation[ation, planning, and impulse control.
Axons Fibers that extend from neurons and transmit electrochemical impulses from that neuron to the dendrites of other neurons.
Dendrites Fibers that extend from neurons and receive electrochemical impulses transmitted from other neurons via their axons.
Synapses The intersection between the axon of the neuron and the dendrites of other neurons.
Neurotransmitters Brain chemicals that carry information from the axon of a sending neuron to the dendrites of a receiving neuron.
Pruning When applied to brain development, the process by which unused connections in the brain atrophy and die.
Experience-Expectant Brain functions that require certain basic common experience (which an infant is expected to have) in order to develop normally.
Experience-Dependent Brain functions that depend on particular, variable experience and therefore may or may not develop in a particular person.
Shaken Baby Syndrome A life-threatening injury that occurs when an infant is forcefully shaken back and forth, a motion that ruptures blood vessels in the brain and breaks neural connections.
Sensation The response of a sensory system when it detects a stimulus.
Perception The mental processing of sensory information when the brain interprets a sensation.
Motor Skills The learned abilities to move some part of the body, in actions ranging from a large leap to a flicker of the eye lids.
Gross Motor Skills Physical abilities involving large body movements, such as walking and jumping.
Fine Motor Skills Physical abilities involving small body movements, especially of the hands and fingers, such as drawing and picking up a coin.
SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) An infant's unexpected, sudden death; when a seemingly healthy baby, usually between 2 and 6 months old, stops breathing and dies while asleep.
Protein Calorie Malnutrition A condition in which a person does not consume sufficient food. This can cause illness, severe weight loss, and even death.
Stunting The failure of children to grow to a normal height for their age due to severe and chronic malnutrition.
Wasting The tendency for children to be severely underweight for their weight as a result of malnutrition.
Sensorimotor Intelligence Piaget's term for the way infants think - by using their senses and motor skills - during the first period of cognitive development nt.
Object Permanence The realization that objects, including people, still exist even if they can no longer see, touch, or hear them.
Information-Processing Theory A perspective that compares human thinking processes to computer analysis of data, including sensory input, connections, stored memories, and output.
Mean Length of Utterance The average number of meaningful sound combination in a typical sentence.
LAD (Language Acquisition Device) Chomsky's term for hypothesized mental structure that enables humans to learn language, including the basic aspects of grammar, vocabulary, and intonation.
Created by: cpruett8
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