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Law 1
Chapter 1 Law
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define justice | doing what is right and fair |
| morality/conscience | the ideas of duties and ethics |
| When is a law created? | when governmental people agree that an action should be labeled right or wrong |
| What is often said about the job of policemen, prosecutors, and judges | to enforce the law and not decide whether a law is unjust, unwise or obsolete |
| Laws are vast, complex and confusing that | a great deal of individual judgment and discretion must be applied in deciding how and whether to apply the law in particular cases |
| norms | numerous rules |
| kin police system | justice was the responsibility of all the family members |
| earliest law enforcement groups were | selected warriors |
| Code of Hammurabi | a set of written laws inscribed on stone, is the first set of codified laws. Dictated everyday life in Babylon |
| Who enforced the Code of Hammurabi | 'messengers', like a law enforcement officer. |
| What was the 'messengers' duties? | detect civil and criminal violation, and punish people who do crimes |
| Where did the word police orginate from? | Maybe in Greece, since Greece used words like polis and politeia. |
| Where was the first non-military and non-mercenary police force established? | Rome |
| Vigils | the police force in Rome. Agumented the daytime force. |
| staves | wooden clubs - the weapons used by vigils |
| King Alfred of England | established the tithing system. |
| How a tithing system work | the local villages organized into groups of ten families. 10 families were known as tithing and its leader was the tithingman. Tithingman and anyone can notify of a crime. 10 tithing form a hundred whose leader is the hundredman. |
| communal law enforcement | established by the Norman |
| Frankpledge system | modification of the tithing system. Leader has to pledge loyalty to the king. Leader granted police power and served as a judge. |
| Shires | counties |
| watch and ward system | patrol function within a community. Males did this job. Inefficient system |
| Statute of Winchester | (created in 1285) was the 1st English attempt at a systematic police system |
| Bailiffs | (created by the Statute of Winchester) make inquiry of people |
| What ended the traditional civilian police activity | The Industrial Revolution and the urbanization ended the activity |
| Bow Street Runners | (created by Henry Fieldings) a small group of officers who worked directly for the Judge |
| Sir Robert Peel | Home Secretary of England and later Prime Minister |
| Metropolitan Police Improvement Bill | designed to improve the police. The people called the police 'peelers' |
| Cold Bath Fields riot of 1833 | the violence against the police resulted in the death of an officer. The jury found the killer not guilty. This decision caused the public to support the police |
| Pendleton Act of 1883 | improve the police system by use of merit systems |
| Riot at Astor Theather in New York | Mob of thousands and 320 policemen were fighting. 31 people died. This led to the formal training for police |
| Texas Ranger 1835 | The 1st state police agency |
| Utah Highway Patrol | Have full police powers. Regulate traffic and enforce state laws on state highways |
| U.S. Marshals Office of 1789 | the 1st federal gency, oversee law enforcement in the west |
| Secret Service of 1865 | eliminate the counterfeiting of the U.S. currency. Guard the president and politicains |
| Federal Bureau of Investigation | investigators looked into the transportation of women across the state lines for immoral purposes |
| 3 basic functions performed by police agencies | 1) fight criminal law violations 2) enforce laws like traffic control 3) serve miscellaneous functions (ambulance, civil process, jail, guards) |
| Sir Robert Peel's beliefs about law enforcement | 1) police must be stable, efficient, and organized 2) police must be under government control 3) efficient police will result in the absence of crime 4) distribution of crime news is important 5) must act in the right time at the right place |
| Sir Robert 9 principles of policing | 1) police exist to prevent crime 2)police perform their duties upon public consent 3) get the pulic to observe the law |
| 7th amendment confirmed that | citizens have the right to use civil court, have a jury, have decision based on common law |
| 14th Amendment | incorporated the Bill of Rights into state constitution |
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