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IPC Periodic Table
TEKS I.7A, I.7B, I.7D, I.7E
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| group/family | A vertical column in the periodic table of elements; elements in same group have similar reactivity |
| period | A horizontal row. All elements in a row have the same number of electron shells. |
| atom | the smallest particle into which an element can be divided without losing its chemical identity |
| element | a pure substance made up of only one type of atom |
| chemical bond | the force that holds atoms together in a chemical compound |
| chemical reactivity | the ability of a substance to undergo a chemical change or reaction when interacting with other substances |
| photon | quanta of light; the smallest possible packets of electromagnetic energy |
| energy level | fixed distances from the nucleus of an atom where electrons may be found; electron shells |
| emission spectra | pattern of lines that are seen when light given off from glowing hot gas is put through a prism; to identify the elements present in a sample |
| wave-particle duality | theory states that waves can exhibit particle-like properties while particles can exhibit wave-like properties |
| ionic bond | the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms; generates two oppositely charged ions |
| covalent bond | occurs when pairs of electrons are shared by atoms |
| nucleus | small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom |
| electron | a negatively charged particle that moves around the nucleus of the atom |
| proton | a positively charged particle that is found in the nucleus of an atom; the number of protons identifies the atom |
| neutron | a particle with no charge that is the the same size as a proton and also found in the nucleus of an atom |
| valence electron | electrons found in the outermost energy level; determines an atoms chemical behavior |
| electron cloud | the region around a nucleus where an electron may be found |
| anion | a negatively charged ion; has more electrons than protons |
| cation | a positively charged ion; has less electrons than protons |
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