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Chapters 21 and 22
Flash cards for extra credit
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a solution? | A homogeneous mixture |
| What is a solute? | The substance being dissolved in solution |
| What is a solvent? | the substance present in a larger quantity that dissolves the solute |
| What is an example of a solute? | Flavoring and sugar in Kool-aid |
| What is an example of a solvent? | Water in Kool-aid |
| What is an alloy? | Mixture of elements with metallic properties |
| What is bronze made of? | Copper + Tin |
| What is brass made of? | Copper + Zinc |
| What is steel made of? | Iron + Carbon |
| How do you make a solid dissolve more quickly in a liquid? | Increase temperature, Agitate solution (stir), and/or Increase surface area |
| How do you make a gas dissolve more quickly in a liquid? | Decrease temperature, Increase pressure, and/or Do NOT agitate! |
| What is concentration? | Amount of solute actually dissolved in a given amount of solvent |
| What can concentration be expressed as? | grams solute / 100 g solution, % of solution by volume, % of solution by mass, ppm (parts per million) |
| What is the definition of dilute? | Relatively small amount of solute in large amount of solvent |
| What is the definition of concentrated? | Relatively large amount of solute in small amount of solvent |
| What is the definition of solubility? | The maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature |
| What is the definition of unsaturated? | Any solution that can dissolve more solute at a given temperature |
| What is the definition of saturated? | Contains all of the solute it can hold at a certain temperature |
| What is the definition of supersaturated? | Contains more solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature |
| How do you create a supersaturated state? | Made by heating a saturated solution, adding more solute, and then letting the solution cool |
| What is the definition of electrolytes? | Compounds that produce solutions of ions in solution and conduct electricity |
| What is the definition of Ionization? | The process in which molecular compounds dissolve in water and form charged particles |
| What is the definition of dissociation? | The process in which positive and negative ions of an ionic solid mix with the solvent to form a solution |
| What is the definition of non-electrolytes? | Substance that forms no ions in water and does not conduct electricity |
| What is the definition of boiling point elevation? | Adding more solute particles increases the boiling point of a solution |
| What is the definition of freezing point depression? | Adding more solute particles decreases the freezing point of a solution |
| What is the definition of polar? | Substances that will dissolve ionic and polar molecules |
| What is the definition of nonpolar? | Substances with weak intermolecular attractions that will not dissolve in polar solvents |
| What are the drawbacks of nonpolar solvents? | Many are often flammable, many are hazardous if they come into contact with skin, and many are extremely toxic if ingested or inhaled |
| What is the definition of organic solvents? | Hazardous solvents found in some glues, epoxies, and paints that can affect the human nervous system and cause growth and developmental problems |
| What are organic solvents also called? | Also called volatile organic compounds or VOCs |
| What is the definition of soaps? | Long-chained molecules that have both polar and nonpolar properties |
| What is the definition of acid? | Substance that produces H+ in a water solution |
| What is the definition of Hydronium Ions? | H3O+ ions formed when an acid is added to water |
| What is the definition of base? | Substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water |
| What is the definition of strong acid? | All the acid ionizes upon dissolving in water |
| What are examples of strong acid? | Hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid |
| What is the definition of weak acid? | Only partially ionizes upon dissolving in water |
| What are examples of weak acid? | acetic acid (vinegar), carbonic acid |
| What is the definition of strong base? | dissociates completely in water |
| What is the definition of weak base? | only partially dissociates in water |
| What is the definition of pH? | A measure of the concentration of H+ or H3O+ ions in a solution |
| What is the definition of buffers? | Solutions that contain ions that react with acids or bases to minimize their effects on pH |
| What is the definition of acid rain? | rain with a pH below 5.6 |
| What is the definition of neutralization? | A chemical reaction between an acid and a base that forms a salt and water |
| What is the definition of salt? | A compound formed when the negative ions from an acid combine with the positive ions from a base |
| What is the definition of titration? | The process in which a solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of another solution |
| What is the definition of soaps? | salts made by adding organic acids to bases |
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grace152019
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