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The Adrenergics

Adrenergic drugs, UBC Med

classificationdrug nameMOAEffectside effects(blank)
Adrenergic agonists Isoproterenol Non-selective β-agonist (blank) (blank)
Adrenergic agonists Dobutamine β1 selective agonist Increases heart rate and cardiac output quickly, treat shock (blank)
Adrenergic agonists Salbutamol β2 selective agonist Bronchodilation Skeletal muscle tremor, restlessness, apprehension, tachycardia, arrhythmia
Adrenergic agonists Phenylephrine; Methoxamine α1 selective agonist (potent vasoconstrictors with longer time course of action than NE, little CNS penetration) Treat hypotensive states, restore/maintain BP during spinal anaesthesia, mydriatic, and nasal congestion (blank)
Adrenergic agonists Clonidine α2 selective agonist, central autoinhibitory effect Antihypertensive Depression (due to ↓NE)
Adrenergic Antagonists Phentolamine Non-selective α-antagonist n/a n/a
Adrenergic Antagonists Prazosin α1 selective antagonist Antihypertensive less ↑HR than other vasodilators, interacts with dental drugs that contain epinephrine because leaves more epi unbound to ↑ HR (i.e. more ↑ HR than usual when on prazosin)
Adrenergic Antagonists Yohimbine α2 selective antagonist Increased NE release n/a
Adrenergic Antagonists Propanolol Non-selective β-antagonist Antihypertensive, treat angina Enhances bradycardia, peripheral claudication, asthma, CNS (fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression) metabolic (blunting hypoglycemia response, delaying recovery from insulin OD)
Adrenergic Antagonists Metoprolol β1 selective antagonist Antihypertensive, decreases cardiac overstimulation Enhances bradycardia, peripheral claudication, asthma, CNS (fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression) metabolic (blunting hypoglycemia response, delaying recovery from insulin OD)
Adrenergic Antagonists Labetalol Mixed α/β antagonist Treats severe and/or chronic hypertension, hypertensive crisis Enhances bradycardia, peripheral claudication, asthma, CNS (fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression) metabolic (blunting hypoglycemia response, delaying recovery from insulin OD)
Indirectly NE-increasing drugs Ephedrine α/β agonist, promotes discharge of NE from neuronal stores Central stimulant, ↑ systolic and diast. BP, dilates bronchial muscles and ↓ secretions via vascular constriction (cold medications) n/a
Indirectly NE-increasing drugs Amphetamines ↑ NE release Central stimulant, addictive/abused, ↑ BP, narcolepsy, appetitie suppression, performance enhancement, wakefulness n/a
Indirectly NE-increasing drugs Tyramine Causes neural discharge of NE by replacing NE, metabolized by MAO n/a Hypertensive crisis in the presense of MAO inhibitors (avoid tyramine containing foods if on MAO therapy)
Indirectly NE-increasing drugs Cocaine Blocks neuronal NE re-uptake → enhances NE action; also blocks dopamine reuptake n/a n/a
Indirectly NE-reducing drugs Reserpine Reduces NE stores in nerve terminals by preventing cytosolic uptake of NE into synaptic vessels Antihypertensive Depression (keep dose low)
Muscarinic Antagonists Atropine; Benztropine; Glycopyrrolate Muscarinic Antagonist; Blocks muscarinic receptors Dilate the pupil; Treat poisoning; Treat movements disorders; Decrease secretions; Dilate Bronchioles; Treat incontinence; Racing heart rate, dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, and red, hot skin
Muscarinic Agonists Muscarine; Pilocarpine; Methacholine; Bethanachol Muscarinic Agonists Binds and activated muscarinic receptors Relieve urinary retention; Constrict the pupil for glaucoma; “Challenge” patients with asthma SLUDGE (salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecaton, GI distress, emesis), bradycardia, ↑Bronchial secretions
Anticholinesterases Edrophonium; Physostigmine; Neostigmine; Insecticides Inhibits / blocks cholinesterase from eliminating acetylcholine from synaptic cleft. AE not broken down - signalling is prolonged. Treat Myasthenia Gravis, SLUDGE (salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecaton, GI distress, emesis), bradycardia, ↑Bronchial secretions
Drugs with unwanted Anticholinergic Side Effects Tricyclic antidepressants; anti-histamines; anti-psychotics Anticholinergic - i.e. reduces amount of AE present Reduces amount of AE present SLUDGE
Created by: jtwalker
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