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Powell
Learning_7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ratio strain | A disruption in responding due to an overly demanding response requirement. |
| complex schedule | A schedule consisting of a combination of two or more simple schedules. |
| chained schedule | A schedule consisting of a sequence of two or more simple schedules, each with its own SD and must be completed in a particular order. |
| differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL) | A schedule in which a minimum amount of time must pass between each response before the reinforcer will be delivered—or, more generally, reinforcement is provided for responding at a slow rate. |
| continuous reinforcement schedule | A schedule in which each specified response is reinforced. |
| intermittent (or partial) reinforcement schedule | A schedule in which only some responses are reinforced. |
| fixed ratio (FR) schedule | A schedule in which reinforcement is contingent upon a fixed, predictable number of responses. |
| variable ratio (VR) schedule | A schedule in which reinforcement is contingent upon a varying, unpredictable number of responses. |
| fixed duration (FD) schedule | A schedule in which reinforcement is contingent upon continuous performance of a behavior for a fixed, predictable period of time. |
| variable duration (VD) schedule | A schedule in which reinforcement is contingent upon continuous performance of a behavior for a varying, unpredictable period of time. |
| differential reinforcement of paced responding (DRP) | A schedule in which reinforcement is contingent upon emitting a series of responses at a set rate—or, more generally, reinforcement is provided for responding neither too fast nor too slow. |
| differential reinforcement of high rates (DRH) | A schedule in which reinforcement is contingent upon emitting at least a certain number of responses in a certain period of time—or, more generally, reinforcement is provided for responding at a fast rate. |
| fixed interval (FI) schedule | A schedule in which reinforcement is contingent upon the first response after a fixed, predictable period of time. |
| variable interval (VI) schedule | A schedule in which reinforcement is contingent upon the first response after a varying, unpredictable period of time. |
| response-rate schedule | A schedule in which reinforcement is directly contingent upon the organism's rate of response. |
| fixed time (FT) schedule | A schedule in which the reinforcer is delivered following a fixed, predictable period of time, regardless of the organism's behavior. |
| variable time (VT) schedule | A schedule in which the reinforcer is delivered following a varying, unpredictable period of time, regardless of the organism's behavior. |
| noncontingent schedule of reinforcement | A schedule in which the reinforcer is delivered independently of any response. |
| adjusting schedule | A schedule in which the response requirement changes as a function of the organism's performance while responding for the previous reinforcer. |
| break-and-run pattern typical of FR pattern | A short break followed by a steady run of responses. |
| conjunctive schedule | A type of complex schedule in which the requirements of two or more simple schedules must be met before a reinforcer is delivered. |
| goal gradient effect | An increase in the strength and/or efficiency of responding as one draws near to the goal. |
| Premack principle: frequency of one behavior relative to another. Response deprivation hypthesis: frequency of behavior relative to its baseline | Difference between Premack principle and response deprivation hypthesis. |
| partial reinforcement effect (parallels superstitious behavior) | Effect when an individual performs an action expecting a reinforcement, and none seems forthcoming, the individual feels that, by continuing this action, reinforcement will happen. |
| incentive motivation | Motivation derived from some property of the reinforcer, as opposed to an internal drive state. |
| FR: rapid with short post-reinforcement pause, FI: long pause after reinforcement and gradually increasing rate (scalloping), VR: high and steady (no pause), VI: moderate and steady (no pause) | Rate of response produced by FR, FI, VR, VI. |
| reinforcer is delivered independently of any response: fixed time schedule, variable time schedule | response-independent schedules (2) |
| response deprivation hypothesis | The notion that a behavior can serve as a reinforcer when (1) access to the behavior is restricted and (2) its frequency falls below its preferred level of occurrence. |
| Premack principle, differential probability principle | The notion that a high-probability behavior can be used to reinforce a low-probability behavior (2). |
| schedule of reinforcement | The response requirement that must be met to obtain reinforcement. |
| drive reduction theory (Hull) | The theory that an event is reinforcing to the extent that it is associated with a reduction in some type of physiological drive. |
| behavioral bliss point approach | The theory that an organism with free access to alternative activities will distribute its behavior in such a way as to maximize overall reinforcement. |
Created by:
Moody
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