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Psych development
Ch 13 Psychosocial Constraints in Motor Development
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Self-esteem | is one’s personal judgement of his or her own capability, significance, success, and worthiness |
| domain | an independent area or sphere of influence, such as the social, physical, or academic |
| Self-esteem Key point | SE influences participation in sport and PA; it also influences skill mastery. Over time, an individual’s SE in a given domain more closely matches his or her actual abilities |
| Children under the age 10 | they depend more on parental appraisals and outcomes of contests than on direct comparisons ( |
| Children older than 10 | rely on comparisons with and appraisals given by their peers |
| Those with high perceptions of competence | tend to have more positive reactions in sport and PA than do those who feel less competent |
| Male athletes aged 10 to 15 years show high SE when | they play for coaches who give frequent encouragement and corrective feedback, especially if the athletes begin with somewhat low self-esteem |
| girls who received reinforcement | Did not increase SE. Instead an increase in perceived competence was associated with criticism |
| What leads to enjoyment in preadolescents and young adolescents | Perceptions of high ability and mastery, low parental pressure, and greater parent or coach satisfaction |
| Casual attribution | are the reasons to which people credit their successes and failures |
| People of any age with high SE tend to make attributions that are | Internal Stable Controllable |
| competitors with high SE attribute their success to their | their talent (internal), think they can win again (stable), and believe they are responsible for their successes rather than merely lucky (controllable) |
| People with low SE attribute success to factors that are: | External Unstable Uncontrollable |
| Children aged 7 to 9 years attribute outcomes to both | effort & luck |
| Girls who underestimate their physical abilities | typically choose less challenging skills and attribute outcomes to external factors |
| Boys who underestimate their physical abilities | report little understanding of what is responsible for their successes or failures |
| What do you think happens to children who perceive their physical abilities as low? | not likely to persist in physical activities, therefore missing out on the associated health and psychosocial benefits |
| Maintaining high levels of SE seems to enhance performance as well as | Perceived competence |
| There is a powerful Interplay between | sociocultural and individual functional constraints |
Created by:
rmart11
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