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science chapter 20
electricity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| electric force | the attraction or repulsion between electric charges |
| electric field | the region around a charged object where the object's electric force interacts with other charged objects |
| static electricity | a buildup of charges on an object |
| conservation of charge | the law that states that charges are neither created nor destroyed but only transferred from one material to another |
| friction | the force that one surface exerts on another when the two surfaces rub against each other |
| conduction | the transfer of heat from one particle of matter to another |
| induction | a method of charging an object by means of the electric field of another object |
| static discharge | the loss of static electricity as electric charges transfer from one object to another |
| electric current | the continuous flow of electric charges through a material |
| electric circuit | a complete, unbroken path through which electric charges can flow |
| conductor | a material that conducts heat well |
| insulator | a material that does not conduct heat well |
| voltage | the difference in electrical potential energy between two places in a circuit |
| voltage source | a device that creates an electrical potential energy difference in an electric circuit |
| resistance | the measurement of how difficult for charges to flow through a material |
| chemical energy | a form of potential energy that is stored in chemical bonds between atoms |
| chemical reaction | the process in which substances undergo chemical changes that result in a formation of new substances |
| electrochemical cell | a device that transform chemical energy into electrical energy |
| electrodes | a metal strip that conducts electricity |
| electrolyte | a liquid or paste that conducts electric current |
| terminal | the point at which a conductor from an electrical component, device or network comes to an end. |
| battery | device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells |
| wet cell | An electric cell in which the chemicals producing the current are in the form of a liquid. |
| dry cell | a type of electric battery in the form of paste |
| Ohm's law | the definition of what electrical resistance is. |
| resistance= | voltage --------- current |
| voltage= | current x resistance |
| series circuit | an electric circuit with a single path |
| ammeter | an instrument for measuring electric current especially in amperes. |
| parallel circuit | electrical circuit where the current branches out and flows into more than one electrical device |
| voltmeter | a device used to measure voltage, or electrical potential energy difference |
| power | current or the flow of electric charge and voltage or the potential of charge to deliver energy |
| power= | voltage x current |
| P= | VI |
| energy= | power x time |
| short circuit | A low-resistance connection between two points. |
| grounded | to create less noise and to help with surge protection. |
| third prong | the end of a bonding conductor. |
| fuse | a safety device with a thin metal strip that will melt if too much current passes through a circuit |
| circuit breaker | a reusable safety switch that breaks the circuit when the current becomes too high |
| point | Electrical power Power consumption. A power point is an electrical socket on a wall. |
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