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Human Development
Vocabulary for Theme 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Developmental Psychology | The study of changes that occur as an individual matures. |
| Grasping Reflex | An infant’s clinging response to a touch on the palm of his or her hand. |
| Rooting Reflex | An infant’s response in turning toward the source of touching that occurs anywhere around his or her mouth. |
| Maturation | The internally programmed growth of a child. |
| Telegraphic Speech | The kind of verbal utterances in which words are left out, but the meaning is usually clear. |
| Schema | A conceptual framework a person uses to make sense of the world. |
| Assimilation | The process of fitting objects and experiences into one's schemas. |
| Accommodation | The adjustment of one's schemas to include newly observed events and experiences. |
| Object Permanence | A child’s realization that an object exists even when he or she cannot see or touch it. |
| Representational Thought | The intellectual ability of a child to picture something in his or her mind. |
| Conservation | The principle that a given quantity does not change when its appearance is changed. |
| Egocentric | A young child’s inability to understand another person’s perspective. |
| Imprinting | Inherited tendencies or responses that are displayed by newborn animals when they encounter new stimuli in their environment. |
| Critical Period | A specific time in development when certain skills or abilities are most easily learned. |
| Authoritarian Family | Parents attempt to control, shape, and evaluate the behavior and attitudes of children and adolescents in accordance with a set code of conduct. |
| Democratic / Authoritative Family | Children and adolescents participate in decisions affecting their lives. |
| Permissive / Laissez-Faire Family | Children and adolescents have the final say; parents are less controlling and have a non punishing, accepting attitude toward children. |
| Socialization | The process of learning the rules of behavior of the culture within which an individual is born and will live. |
| Identification | The process by which a child adopts the values and principles of the same-sex parent. |
| Sublimation | The process of redirecting sexual impulses into learning tasks. |
| Role Taking | Children’s play that involves assuming adult roles, thus enabling the child to experience different points of view. |
| Initiation Rites | Ceremonies or rituals in which an individual is admitted to new status or accepted into a new position. |
| Puberty | Sexual maturation; the end of childhood and the point when reproduction is first possible. |
| Menarche | The first menstrual period. |
| Spermarche | Period during which males achieve first ejaculation. |
| Asynchrony | The condition during adolescence in which the growth or maturation of bodily parts is uneven. |
| Rationalization | A process whereby an individual seeks to explain an often unpleasant emotion or behavior in a way that will preserve his or her self esteem. |
| Identity Crisis | A period of inner conflict during which adolescents worry intensely about who they are. |
| Social Learning Theory | Albert Bandura’s view of human development; emphasizes interaction. |
| Clique | A small, exclusive group of people within a larger group. |
| Conformity | Acting in accordance with some specified authority. |
| Gender Identity | The sex group (masculine or feminine) to which an individual biologically belongs. |
| Gender Role | The set of behaviors that society considers appropriate for each sex. |
| Gender Stereotype | An oversimplified or distorted generalization about the characteristics of men and women. |
| Androgynouns | Combining or blending traditionally male and female characteristics. |
| Gender Schema | A set of behaviors organized around how either a male or female should think and behave. |
| Menopause | The biological event in which a woman’s production of sex hormones is sharply reduced. |
| Generativity | The desire, in middle age, to use one’s accumulated wisdom to guide future generations. |
| Stagnation | A discontinuation of development and a desire to recapture the past. |
| Decremental Model of Aging | Idea that progressive physical and mental decline are inevitable with age. |
| Ageism | Prejudice or discrimination against the elderly. |
| Thanatology | The study of dying and death. |
| Hospice | A facility and or care service designed to care for the special needs of the dying. |
Created by:
tderue
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