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Psychology 12

Chapter 12

TermDefinition
Health psychology The subfield of psychology that investigates the relationship between people's behaviors and their health.
Stress Any event or environmental stimulus (stressors) that we respond to because we perceive it as challenging or threatening.
Life event A change in one's life, good or bad, that requires readjustment.
Daily hassles The everyday irritations and frustrations that individuals face.
Conflict Having to choose between two or more needs, desires, or demands.
Approach-approach conflict A situation in which a person must choose between two likable events.
Avoidance-avoidance conflict A situation in which a person must choose between two undesirable events.
Multiple approach-avoidance conflict A situation that poses several alternatives that each have positive and negative features.
Primary appraisal Our initial interpretation of an event as either irrelevant, positive, or stressful.
General adaptation syndrome (GAS) The general physical responses we experience when faced with a stressor.
Alarm reaction The first phase of the general adaptation syndrome, characterized by immediate activation of nervous and endocrine systems.
Resistance stage The second phase of the general adaptation syndrome, in which the nervous and endocrine systems continue to be activated.
Exhaustion stage The third phase of the general adaptation syndrome, in which bodily resources are drained, and wear and tear on the body begins.
Psychoneuroimmunology Field of study that investigates the connections among psychology (behaviors, thoughts, emotions), and the nervous system, and immune system functioning.
Immunosuppression The reduction in activity of the immune system.
Coping The behaviors that we engage in to manage stressors.
Problem-focusing coping Behaviors that aim to control or alter the environment that is causing stress.
Emotion-focused coping Behaviors aimed at controlling the internal emotional reasons of stressors.
Cognitive reappraisal An active and conscious process in which we alter our interpretation of a stressful event.
Defensive mechanisms unconscious emotional strategies that are engaged in to reduce anxiety and maintain a positive self-image.
Biofeedback An electronic device that measures and records bodily changes so that an individual can monitor and control these changes more effectively.
Progressive relaxation training A stress management technique in which the person learns how to systematically tense and relax muscle groups in the body.
Social support Having close and positive relationships with others.
Guided imagery A technique in which you focus on a pleasant, calming image to achieve a state of relaxation when you feel stressed.
Meditation Mental exercises in which people consciously focus their attention to heighten their awareness and bring their mental processes under more control.
Type A personality A personality that is aggressive, ambitious, and competitive.
Type B personality A personality characterized by flexibility, and an easygoing manner.
Type C personality A personality that is cautious, serious, sensitive to criticism, and results oriented, and that suppresses negative emotions such as anger.
Learned helplessness A passive response to stressors based on exposure to previously uncontrolled, negative emotions.
Hardy personality A personality high in the traits of commitment, control, and challenge, that appears to be associated with a strong stress resistance.
Health-defeating behaviors Behaviors that increase the chance of illness, disease, or death.
Health-promoting behaviors Behaviors that decrease the chance of illness, disease, or death.
Created by: cpruett8
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