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URINARY, GU, MUSC
Pharmacology for Health Professionals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Medications classified to produce polyuria (excessive urination), reduce edema (swelling) and treat hypertension (HTN) is called: | diuretics aka "water pills". |
| Medications classified as diuretics include: | 1. Lasix aka furosemide |
| Medications classified as diuretics include: | 2. Diuril aka chlorothiazide |
| Medications classified as diuretics include: | 3. Microzide aka hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) |
| Medications classified as diuretics include: | 4. Hyzaar aka hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and losartan. |
| Diuretics that cause excessive loss of K are called: | potassium wasting diuretics |
| Diuretics that do not cause excessive loss of K are called: | potassium sparing diuretics |
| Hypokalemia means: | blood condition of deficient potassium (K). |
| Medications classified to treat hypokalemia are called: | potassium (K) supplements. |
| Potassium (K) supplements include: | 1. K-Dur. 2. K-Tab 3. Klor-Con |
| Potassium (K) is commonly measured in: | mEq which stands for milliequivalents. |
| Medications classified as urinary tract analgesics include: | AZO and Pyridium aka phenazopyridine |
| Involuntary (no control) urination from urinary bladder spasms is abbreviated OAB which stands for: | Overactive bladder aka urge incontinence. |
| Spasms are: | involuntary muscle contractions. |
| Overactive bladder (OAB) can cause sudden urges (needs) to void called: | urinary urgency |
| Urinary urgency can cause loss of bladder control called: | urinary incontinence or enuresis. |
| Medications classified to treat overactive bladder (OAB) are called: | urinary antispasmodics |
| Medications classified as urinary antispasmodics include: | 1. Urispas aka flavoxate. |
| Medications classified as urinary antispasmodics include: | 2. Cytospaz aka hyponscyamine |
| Medications classified as urinary antispasmodics include: | 3. Detrol aka tolterodine |
| Medications classified as urinary antispasmodics include: | 4. Vesicare aka solifenacin |
| Medications classified as urinary antispasmodics include: | 5. Oxytrol aka oxybutynin. |
| Medications classified as urinary antispasmodics include: | 6. Botox. Botox is botulism toxin (poison) administered (given) to paralyze muscle activity. |
| Botox (botulism toxin) is also classified to treat: | cervical dystonia which means painful neck spasms (tone) |
| Spasms are: | involuntary muscle contractions. |
| Botox (botulism toxin) is also classified to: | treat moderate to severe frown lines and crow's feet. |
| Botux (botulism toxin) is also classified to treat: | migraines. |
| Non-malignant (non-metastasizing) excessive growth of the prostate is abbreviated BPH which stands for: | benign prostatic hypertrophy or benign prostatic hyperplasia. |
| Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) can cause involuntary delay in initiating: | micturition called urinary hesitancy. |
| Involuntary means: | No control |
| Initiating means: | starting |
| BPH can cause accumulation of urine in the urinary bladder due to the inability to urinate (micturate) called: | urinary retention |
| BPH stands for: | benign prostatic hypertrophy aka benign prostatic hyperplasia |
| Medications classified to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) include: | 1. Avodart aka dutasteride. |
| Medications classified to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) include: | 2. Flomax aka tamsulosin |
| Inability to achieve or maintain an erection is abbreviated ED which stands for: | erectile dysfunction aka impotence |
| Medications classified to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) include: | 1. Viagra aka sildenafil or "the little blue pill". |
| Medications classified to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) include: | 2. Levitra aka vardenafil |
| Medications classified to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) include: | 3. Cialis aka tadalafil |
| Viagra, Levitra and Cialis are also classified to treat BPH which stands for: | benign prostatic hypertrophy. |
| Medications classified to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) can cause synergistic hypotension (low blood pressure) when combined with antianginals such as: | 1. NTG which stands for nitroglycerin. |
| Medications classified to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) can cause synergistic hypotension (low blood pressure) when combined with antianginals such as: | 2. Isordil aka isosorbide. |
| A medication classified as an emergency diuretic to treat acute renal failure (ARF) or increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is called: | Osmitrol aka mannitol. |
| An ulcer of the stomach and/or duodenum (1st section of the small bowel) is abbreviated PUD which stands for: | peptic ulcer disease. |
| Ulcer means: | erosion (wearing away) |
| Causes of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) include: | 1. Excessive production of HCl which stands for hydrochloric acid. |
| Causes of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) include: | 2. ASA aka aspirin. |
| Causes of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) include: | 3. NSAIDS which stands for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. |
| Causes of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) include: | 4. ETOH aka ethanol (alcohol). |
| Causes of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) include: | 5. Caffeine found in coffee, tea, some sodas and some medications. |
| Causes of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) include: | 6. Excessive consumption of Na which stands for sodium |
| Causes of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) include: | 7. Consuming foods that are spicy. |
| Causes of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) include: | 8. Gastric bacterial infection abbreviated H. pylori which stands for helicobacter pylori. |
| Chronic (persistent) regurgitation of HCl is abbreviated GERD which stands for: | gastroesophageal reflux disease. |
| HCl stands for: | hydrochloric acid |
| A layperson may refer to gastroesophageal disease (GERD) as: | indigestion or "acid stomach" or "heart burn" or "agita". |
| Causes of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) include: | 1. Excessive production of HCl which stands for hydrochloric acid. |
| Causes of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) include: | 2. Diaphragmatic hernia (protrusion) abbreviated HH which stands for hiatal hernia. |
| Causes of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) include: | 3. Incompetent cardiac sphincter aka the lower esophageal sphincter. |
| Incompetent means: | malfunctioning. |
| Medications classified to treat PUD and GERD reduce gastric production of: | hydrochloric acid (HCl) |
| PUD stands for: | peptic ulcer disease |
| GERD stands for: | gastroesophageal reflux disease. |
| Medications classified to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) include: | 1. Tagamet aka cimetidine |
| Medications classified to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) include: | 2. Axid aka nizatidine. |
| Medications classified to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) include: | 3. Pepcid aka famotidine. |
| Medications classified to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) include: | 4. Zantac aka ranitidine |
| Medications classified to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) include: | 5. Prevacid aka lansoprazole |
| Medications classified to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) include: | 6. AcipHex rabeprazole. |
| Medications classified to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) include: | 7. Prilosec aka omeprazole |
| Medications classified to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) include: | 8. Nexium aka esomeprazole or "the purple pill" |
| Nexium (esomeprazole) can increase the risk of OP which stands for: | osteoporosis |
| Osteoporosis (OP) means: | holey (porous) bones. |
| Tagamet, Prilosec, Nexium, Prozac, Diflucan and Nizoral can be antagonists when combined with: | Plavix aka clopidogrel. |
| Plavix (clopidogrel) is classified as an: | anticoagulant |
| The classification for Tagamet and Prilosec and Nexium is: | treatment for PUD and GERD |
| The classification for Prozac is: | antidepressant |
| The classification for Diflucan and Nizoral is: | antifungal. |
| Medications classified to neutralize HCl in the stomach are called: | antacids. |
| HCl stands for: | hydrochloric acid. |
| Antacids commonly contain alkaline substances to raise pH called: | buffers. |
| pH is: | the measurement of acidity and alkalinity. |
| Buffers (alkaline substances) include: | a. Al which stands for aluminum. |
| Buffers (alkaline substances) include: | b. Mg which stands for magnesium. |
| Buffers (alkaline substances) include: | c. Ca which stands for calcium. |
| Buffers (alkaline substances) include: | d. NaHCO3 which stands for sodium bicarbonate aka baking soda. |
| The texture (feel) of most antacids is: | chalky. |
| Medications classified as antacids include: | 1. Mylanta. |
| Medications classified as antacids include: | 2. Maalox. |
| Medications classified as antacids include: | 3. Gaviscon. |
| Medications classified as antacids include: | 4. Tums |
| Medications classified as antacids include: | 5. Rolaids |
| Medications classified as antacids include: | 6. NaHCO3 aka sodium bicarbonate or baking soda |
| Medications classified to treat gas include: | 1. Gas-X aka simethicone. |
| Medications classified to treat gas include: | 2. Mylanta Gas aka simethicone. |
| Medications classified to treat gas include: | 3. Maalox Advanced aka simethicone and calcium (Ca). |
| Spastic colon is a chronic combination of signs and symptoms of large intestine (large bowel) peristaltic motility (wave-like movement) abbreviated IBS which stands for: | irritable bowel syndrome. |
| Spastic means: | involuntary muscle contractions. |
| Medications classified to relieve GI spasms are called: | gastrointestinal (GI) antispasmodics. |
| Relieve means: | reduce. |
| Spasms are: | involuntary muscle contractions. |
| Medications classified as gastrointestinal (GI) antispasmodics include: | 1. Bentyl aka dicyclomine. |
| Medications classified as gastrointestinal (GI) antispasmodics include: | 2. Linzess aka linaclotide. |
| Medications classified as gastrointestinal (GI) antispasmodics include: | |
| Loose watery stool (feces) is called: | diarrhea. |
| More than ten (10) loose watery stools (feces) in 24 hours is called: | severe diarrhea. |
| Medications classified to treat diarrhea are called: | Antidiarrheals. |
| Antidiarrheals include: | 1. Imodium aka loperamide. |
| Antidiarrheals include: | 2. Pepto-Bismol and Kaopectate aka bismuth subsalicylate. |
| Medications classified as laxatives include: | 1. Milk of Magnesia (MOM) aka magnesium hydroxide (stool softener). |
| Medications classified to stimulate complete removal of stool (feces) before diagnostic imaging (DI) or gastrointestinal (GI) surgery are called: | bowel evacuants or bowel preps. |
| Stimulate means: | cause |
| Medications classified as bowel evacuants (bowel preps) include: | GoLYTELY and Miralax aka polyethylene glycol. |
| Medications classified to treat N+V are called: | antiemetics. |
| N+V stands for: | nausea and vomiting. |
| Medications classified as antiemetics include: | 1. Marinol aka dronabinol. |
| Marinol (dronabinol) is: | synthetic (artificial) tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) found in marijuana. |
| Medications classified as antiemetics include: | 2. Zofran aka ondansetron. |
| Medications classified as antiemetics include: | 3. CPZ which stands for Compazine aka prochlorperazine. |
| Medications classified as antiemetics include: | 4. Phenergan aka promethazine. |
| A whirling sensation or dizziness is called: | vertigo. |
| Vertigo (whirling sensation or dizziness) and/or nausea and vomiting (N+V) associated with motion is called: | kinetosis |
| Medications classified to treat kinetosis include: | 1. Antivert aka meclizine. |
| Medications classified to treat kinetosis include: | 2. Dramamine aka dimenhydrinate. |
| Medications classified as antiemetics include: | 3. Benadryl aka diphenhydramine. |
| Benadryl (diphenhydramine) is also classified as an: | antihistamine and OTC hypnotic. |
| Measurement of body fat in adults based on height and weight is abbreviated BMI which stands for: | body mass index. |
| Anorexia means: | no appetite. |
| Medications classified as appetite suppressants for weight (WT) reduction are called: | anorexiants. |
| Medications classified as anorexiants include: | Xenical and Alli aka orlistat. |
| Osteoporosis (OP) refers to a loss of BMD which stands for: | bone mineral density |
| Osteoporosis (OP) causes: | osteopenia which means bone deficiency. |
| Risk factors for osteoporosis (OP) include: | 1.Familial hx which means genetic (hereditary) history. |
| Risk factors for osteoporosis (OP) include: | 2. Being the gender female. |
| Risk factors for osteoporosis (OP) include: | 3. Deficient calcitrol (Vitamin D) and/or hypocalcemia and/or 3. phosphatemia which means blood condition of deficient calcium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) |
| Risk factors for osteoporosis (OP) include: | 4. Disuse atrophy which means loss of BMD from little or no regular exercise called a sedentary lifestyle. |
| BMD stands for: | bone mineral density. |
| Risk factors for osteoporosis (OP) include: | 5. Inhaling burnt tobacco called smoking. |
| Risk factors for osteoporosis (OP) include: | 6. A body frame that is thin or small. |
| Risk factors for osteoporosis (OP) include: | 7. Consuming ETOH which stands for ethanol (alcohol). |
| Risk factors for osteoporosis (OP) include: | 8. The races Caucasian and Asian. |
| Risk factors for osteoporosis (OP) include: | 9. Estrogen deficiency associated with menopause |
| Risk factors for osteoporosis (OP) include: | 10. Long-term use of SAIDS which stands for steroidal anti-inflammatory disease aka corticosteroids. |
| Risk factors for osteoporosis (OP) include: | 11. Medications to treat PUD and GERD which stand for peptic ulcer disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease. |
| Risk factors for osteoporosis (OP) include: | 12. Hypertrophy abbreviated GD which stands for Grave's disease. |
| Medications classified to treat osteoporosis (OP) include: | 1. Fosamax aka alendronate. |
| Medications classified to treat osteoporosis (OP) include: | 2. Actonel aka risedronate. |
| Medications classified to treat osteoporosis (OP) include: | 3. Boniva aka ibandronate. |
| A muscle spasm is an: | involuntary , often painful, muscle contraction. |
| A muscle spasm is aka: | a muscle cramp or charlie horse. |
| Muscle spasms can be caused by: | 1. Loss of muscle energy called fatigue. |
| Muscle spasms can be caused by: | 2. Excessive loss of body fluid called dehydration |
| Muscle spasms can be caused by: | 3. Deficiency of Mg which stands for magnesium |
| Muscle spasms can be caused by: | 4. Deficiency of K which stands for potassium. |
| Muscle spasms can be caused by the side effects (SE) of: | a. Lasix aka furosemide and classified as a diuretic. |
| Muscle spasms can be caused by the side effects (SE) of: | b. Aricept (donepezil) classified as treatment (Tx) for Alzheimer's disease. |
| Muscle spasms can be caused by the side effects (SE) of: | c. Procardia aka nifedipine. Procardia (nifedipine) is classified as an antianginal and anti-hypertensive. |
| Muscle spasms can be caused by the side effects (SE) of: | d. Medications to lower the amount of circulating fat in the blood called antihyperlipidemics (statins). |
| Medications classified to treat muscle spasms are called: | muscle relaxants. |
| Medications classified as muscle relaxants include: | 1. Soma aka carisprodol |
| Medications classified as muscle relaxants include: | 2. Flexeril aka cyclobenzaprine |
| Medications classified as muscle relaxants include: | 3. Valium aka diazepam. Diazepam is also classified as a sedative and treatment for status epilepticus. |
| A neurological disorder causing throbbing, pulling, creeping or other unpleasant sensations in the legs and an uncontrollable and sometimes overwhelming urge to move the legs is abbreviated RLS which stands for: | restless leg syndrome. |
| A medication classified to treat restless leg syndrome (RLS) is called: | Mirapex aka pramipexole. Mirapex is also classified to treat Parkinson's disease |
| A familial (hereditary or genetic) arthritis caused by hyperuricemia is called: | gout |
| Hyperuricemia means: | blood condition of excessive uric acid. |
| Hyperuricemia can cause: | urate crystal formation in the joints of great toes aka the big toes or the piggies that went to market. |
| Medications classified to treat gout are called: | anti-gout medications.- |
| Antigout medications include: | Zyloprim aka allopurinol. |
| Antigout medications include: | Uloric aka febuxostat. |
| Uloric may require: | LFTs which stands for liver function tests. |
| An idiopathic (unknown cause) condition characterized (described) by widespread myalgia (muscle pain) and arthralgia (joint pain) and fatigue (loss of energy) is called: | fibromyalgia. |
| Inflammatory papular (raised) and pustular (pus filled papule) eruptions of the skin caused by sebum (oil) and necrotic (dead) skin cells clogging the openings (pores) of hair follicle is abbreviated AV which stands for: | acne vulgaris aka pimples or zits |
| Medications classified to treat acne vulgaris (AV) include: | 1. Brevoxyl and Benzac aka benzoyl peroxide. |
| Medications classified to treat acne vulgaris (AV) include: | 2. Stri-Dex and Clearasil aka salicylic acid. |
| Medications classified to treat acne vulgaris (AV) include: | 3. Epiduo aka adapalene. |
| A chronic (persistent) herediary (familial) autoimmune (AI) skin disease characterized (described) by erythematous (red) + pruriti (itchy) patches with white or silvery flaky scales is called: | psoriasis. |
| Some medications to treat psoriasis are called: | coal tar medications. |
| Topical coal tar medications classified to treat psoriasis include: | 1. elta tar. |
| Topical coal tar medications classified to treat psoriasis include: | 2. Balnetar |
| Topical coal tar medications classified to treat psoriasis include: | 3. Zetar |
| Topical coal tar medications classified to treat psoriasis include: | 4. Denorex. |
| Topical coal tar medications classified to treat psoriasis include: | 5. Tegrin. |
| Topical coal tar medications classified to treat psoriasis include: | 6. Neutrogena T/Gel |
| Topical coal tar medications classified to treat psoriasis include: | 7. Stelara (4 subQ injections/year). Stelara is also classified to treat psoriatic arthritis. |
| Topical coal tar medications classified to treat psoriasis include: | 8. Humira (weekly subQ injections). |
| Topical coal tar medications classified to treat psoriasis include: | 9. Embrel (weekly subQ injections). Humara and Embrel are also classified as treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. |
| Anti-infective medications designed to destroy bacterial pathogens (disease creators) are called: | antibiotics. |
| Medications classified as topical antibiotics include: | 1. Bactroban. |
| Medications classified as topical antibiotics include: | 2. Polysporin. |
| Medications classified as topical antibiotics include: | 3. Neosporin. |
| Tinea is aka dermatophytosis which means: | proliferation (rapid reproduction) of dermatophytes. |
| Dermatophytes tend to: | proliferate (reproduce) outward o the skin producing a ring-like pattern, hence the name ringworm. |
| Types of tinea (ringworm) include: | 1. Tinea corporis aka body ringworm. |
| Types of tinea (ringworm) include: | 2. Tinea pedis aka foot ringworm or athlete's foot. |
| Types of tinea (ringworm) include: | 3. Tinea cruris aka groin ringworm or jock itch. |
| Anti-infective medications designed to destroy fungal pathogens (disease creators) are called: | antifungals |
| Medications classified to treat tinea (ringworm) are called: | topical antifungals. |
| Medications classified as topical antifungals include: | 1. Desenex and Lotrimin and Cruex and Micatin aka miconazole |
| Be careful, the topical antifungal Desenex looks and sounds like: | Denorex which is treatment for psoriasis. |
| Medications classified as topical antifungals include: | 2. Tinactin aka tolnaftate. |
| Astringents are medications designed to dry and treat skin irritations caused by diaper dermatitis, allergic reactions, insect bites, superficial injuries and AV which stands for: | acne vulgaris. |
| Inflammation of the skin caused by prolonged exposure to a wet diaper is called: | diaper dermatitis or diaper rash. |
| Medications classified as astringents include: | 1. A+D Ointment and Desitin aka zinc oxide. |
| Be careful the astringent Desitin looks and sounds like: | Desenex. The classification for Desenex is topical antifungal. |
| Medications classified as astringents include: | 2. Calamine lotion |
| Medications classified as astringents include: | 3. Witch hazel |
| A medication classified a hemostatic astringent is called: | Stypic. |
| Topical anesthetics are designed to cause: | no feeling or nervous sensation. |
| Medications classified as topical anesthetics include: | Solarcaine and Lanacane aka benzocaine. |
| An organism (life form) that benefits at the expense of its host is called a: | parasite (parasitic). |
| To live in or on a host as a parasite is called an: | infestation. |
| A medication classified to treat scabies (itch mite) is called an: | infestation. |
| A medication classified to treat scabies (itch mite) is called: | 1. Elimite aka permethrin. |
| A parasitic pruritic (itchy) infestation of lice is called: | pediculosis. |
| The medical term for lice ova (eggs) is: | nits. |
| Medications classified to treat pediculosis (lice) include: | Nix aka permethrin. |
| Medications classified to treat pediculosis (lice) include: | 2. RID aka permethrin. |
| Medications classified to treat pediculosis (lice) include: | 3. LiceMD (pesticide free). |
| A burn characterized (described) by pain, erythema (redness) and vesicles (fluid filled papules) is called: | Second degree burn or Partial thickness burn. |
| A burn characterized (described) by white charred skin is called a: | third degree burn aka a full thickness burn. |
| A medication classified as a topical antibiotic for second degree (partial thickness) burn + third degree (full thickness) burn to prevent infection and speed healing is called: | Silvadene. |
| Antiseptics are medications designed to inhibit (suppress) the proliferation (rapid reproduction) of disease creating microbes called: | pathogens. |
| A medication classified as an iodine based antiseptic is called: | Betadine aka povidone iodine. |
| A medication classified as a non-iodine antiseptic is called: | Hibiclens |
| Alopecia means: | Hair loss aka baldness. |
| Causes of alopecia (hair loss) include: | 1. Heredity aka familial. |
| Causes of alopecia (hair loss) include: | 2. Coloring, straightening and permanents. |
| Causes of alopecia (hair loss) include: | 3. Hypothyroidism aka myxedema. |
| Cause of alopecia (hair loss) include: | 4. Hypochromic anemia abbreviated IDA which stands for iron deficiency anemia. |
| Causes of alopecia (hair loss) include: | 5. The autoimmune (AI) disease abbreviated (LE) which stands for lupus erythematosus. |
| Causes of alopecia (hair loss) include: | 6. Medications classified to treat cancer (CA) called chemotherapy aka antineoplastics. |
| A medication classified to treat male and female alopecia (hair loss) is called: | Rogaine aka minoxidil. |
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bterrelonge
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