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Study Guide Part II
Skull, Dentition and the rest of the Axial Skeleton
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Coronal Suture | Connects frontal and parietal bones |
Sagittal Suture | Splits parietal bones, meets coronal bone |
Metopic Suture | Between the eye brows, splits coronal bone |
Lambdoidal Suture | Connects occiptal and parietal bones |
Squamosal Suture | Connects parietal and temporal bones |
Basilar Suture | Connects sphenoid and occiptal bones (inside nose) |
Frontal Bone | Single Bone, Superciliary Arch, Supraorbital Torus, Glabella at metopic suture, supraorbital margin |
Parietal Bone(s) | Left and Right |
Temporal Bone(s) | Paired (left & right), mandibular fossa, mastoid process, external auditory meatus |
Auditory Ossicles | 6 total, 3 on each side (Malleus, Incus, Stapes) |
Occiptal Bone | Single bone, external occipital protuberance, nuchal lines, occipital condyles, foramen magnum |
Sphenoid Bone | Butterfly / Bat inside (between Frontal + Temporal), Underneath Ethmoid |
Ethmoid Bone | Single Bone, sits under nose at top of underside |
Inferior Nasal Concha | Inside naval cavity (looks like waves) |
Nasal Bones | Top portion of nose between eyes (bulk of nose is cartilege) |
Lacrimal Bones | Where tear ducts are inside eye orbital |
Zygomatic Bones | Cheek bones (connects maxila + frontal bones) |
Palatines | Point in roof of mouth before soft area |
Vomer | Sits under Ethmoid in nasal cavity, goes straight back |
Maxila | Left and Right of nose and above teeth, squared, between zygomatic |
Mandible | Jaw, lower dentition, one bone, mental protuberance (chin), mandibular condyle |
Incisors | (8 total) 4 on top, 4 on bottom (front teeth) |
Canine | (4 total) 2 on top, 2 on bottom (next to incisors) |
Premolars | (8 total) 4 on top, 4 on bottom (after canines) |
Molars | (12 total) 6 on top, 6 on bottom (after premolars) |
Dental formula for humans | 2-1-2-3 (split mouth into 4) |
Crown | Top of the tooth |
Enamel | Outer white part of tooth |
Dentine | Under enamel |
Pulp | Holds nerves, under dentin |
Body (Vertebrae) | Connects with other vertabrae |
Transverse processes | Sticks out to sides |
Spinous Process | Point you can feel when you touch your spine |
Vertebral Canal | The hole that forms when all vertabrae are stacked |
Superior/Inferior Articular Processes | Above and below where two vertabrae meet |
Cervical Vertebrae | (7 total C1-C7) in neck |
Atlas (C1) | Articulates with skull on occipital condyle (allows head to lean) |
Axis (C2) | Touches the atlas (allows head to turn left and right) |
Odontoid Process / Dens | Point sticking up on Axis |
Transverse Foramen | C1-C7 holes where cranial nerves run through |
Spinous Process (Bifurcated) | Two points at posterior end |
Thoracic Vertabrae | (12 total T1-T12) connect to the rib cage on their transverse process |
Rib Facets | meets with rib bones |
Long Spinous Process | Longer than the cervical and angle sharply inferior |
Lumbar Vertabrae | (5 total L1-L5) |
Lumbar Vertabrae | Large bodies (bulk of weight rests on them) |
Lumbar Vertabrae | No rib facets |
Sacrum | (4-6 vertabrae) fuse together ages 17-25 |
Coccyx | (3-5) Tailbone Sits at bottom of Sacrum |
Hyoid Bone | Doesn't touch any other bone, held by muscles in top of throat and helps vocal chords |
Sternum | Divided into manubrium, sternal body, and xiphoid process |
True Ribs | Articulate directly to sternum via cartilege (1-7) |
False Ribs | Articulate to another piece of cartilege and then to the sternum (8-10) |
False Floating Ribs | Free floating and connected to spinal column (11-12) |