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RADT465 PROCEDURES
ARRT registry review covering procedures content area
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Tibial flafond | The distal tibial joint surface that forms the roof of the ankle mortise joint |
| The relation of distal fibula and distal tibia in a true lateral position? | In a true lateral position, the distal fibula is located about 1cm (1/2 inch) posterior in relation to the distal tibia and the lateral malleolus extends about 1 cm (1/2 inch) more distal than the medial malleolus. |
| Type of ankle joint? | Synovial joint of the sellar type with flexion and extension movements only |
| Which bone is the weight-bearing bone of the lower legs | Tibia |
| Which condition happens sometimes in young persons when the tibial tuberosity separates from the body of the tibia? | Osgood-Schlatter disease |
| T/F: The fibular is located laterally and posteriorly to the tibia | True |
| Different names of the depression on the distal femur where the patellar sits? | Intercondylar sulcus, patella sulcus, or trochlea groove |
| The lateral condyle extends lower or more distally than the lateral condyle when the femoral shaft is vertical. | False. The medial condyle extends lower or more distally than the lateral condyle when the femoral shaft is vertical. CR must be angled 5 to 7 cephalad for a lateral knee to cause the 2 condyles to be directly superimposed |
| T/F: The articular cavity of the knee joint is the largest joint space of the human body | True |
| What is bursa? | aka articular capsule of a synovial joint that is a saclike structure that is filled with a lubricating-type synovial fluid |
| What anatomy is demonstrated on the AP ankle? | Medial mortise joint is open and lateral mortise joint is closed |
| Rotation of the AP Mortise projection? | Internally rotate entire leg and foot about 15 to 20 degree |
| What anatomy is demonstrated on the AP oblique ankle- 45 degree medial rotation? | Distal tibiofibular joint opens. Medial malleolus and talus are partially superimposed. |
| Position of the fibula to the tibia on the true lateral lower leg? | Tibial tuberosity is in profile. A portion of the proximal fibular head superimposed by the tibia and the distal fibula is superimposed by the posterior half of the distal tibia. |
| Correct position of an AP knee? | The medial half of the fibula of the fibular head should be superimposed by tibia |
| Correct position of an AP oblique- medial rotation? | The proximal tibiofibular articulation open with the lateralcondyles of the femur and tibia seen in profile. The head and neck of the fibula are visualized without superimposition |
| Name of the PA projection- Tunnel view: Knee- Intercondylar fossa? | Camp Coventry and Holmblad |
| Name position for sunrise knee? | Merchant bilateral method, Inferosuperior projection, Hughston method, Settegast method, and Hobbs method |
| Different name for inlet and outlet? | Superior aperture and inferior aperture |
| Male pelvis shape? | Narrower, deeper, less flared, acute angle, more oval or heart-shaped |
| Female pelvis shape? | Wider, more shallow, more flared, obtuse angle, rounder, larger |
| T/F: On a lateral femur view, knee joint will not appear open, and distal margins of the femoral condyles will not be superimposed because of divergent x-ray beam | True |
| Skull bone includes? | 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones |
| Ethmoid sinuses are part of the facial bone structure? | False. Only the maxillary sinuses are part of the facial bone structure. The frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid sinuses are contained within their respective cranial bones. |
| What is the largest sinus? | Maxillary sinuses |
| What sinuses are visualized on a PA Caldwell projection? | The frontal, ethmoid, and maxillary sinuses |
| What position/projection shows all 4 sinuses? | Lateral position, Parietaoacanthial transoral projection (open mouth Waters),and SMV |
| Each orbit is composed of parts of how many bones? | Seven bones: 3 cranial bones (frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid) and 4 facial bones (maxilla, zygoma, lacrimal, and palatine) |
| Mesocephalic skull | The shape of the average head, the width is 75% to 80% of the length, and the petrous pyramids and the MSP form an angel of 47 degree |
| Brachycephalic skull | A short, broad head, the width is 80% or greater than the length, the angle of the MSP and the petrous pyramids is greater than 47 |
| Dolichocephalic skull | A long, narrow head, the width is less than 75% the length, the angle of the MSP and the petrous pyramids is less than 47 |
| Five common position errors | Rotation, tilt, excessive neck flexion, excessive neck extension, incorrect central ray angle |
| In which position, the petrous pyramids are projected directly into the orbits? | PA skull projection |
| On an AP Towne method, the dorsum sellae superior to the foramen magnum indicates? | Underangulation of CR or insufficient flexion of neck |
| On an AP Towne method, the posterior arch of C1 superimposed over the dorsum sellae within the foramen magnum and produces foreshortening of the dorsum sellae indicate? | Overangulation of CR or excessive flexion |
| On an AP Towne method, shifting of the anterior or posterior clinoid processed laterally within the foramen magnum indicates? | Head tilt |
| On an SMV projection, correct extension of neck and relationship between IOML and CR as indicated by? | Mandibular mentum anterior to the ethmoid sinuses |
| T/F: Haas method is recommended as an alternative projection of a Towne method when the occipital bone is the area of interest? | False. Haas method is not recommended when the occipital bone is the area of interest because of excessive magnification. |
| CR of lateral facial bones? | To zygoma (prominence of the cheek) midway between outer canthus and EAM |
| On a lateral facial bones projection, superior and inferior separation of symmetric horizontal structures such as the orbital roofs and greater wings of sphenoid indicate? | Head tilt |
| On a facial bones Waters view, when MML is perpendicular to IR, how much is the angle that is formed by OML and IR? | 37 degree |
| CR of an PA Caldwell method for facial bones? | Angle CR 15 degree caudad, to exit of nasion |
| What is the best view to evaluate the orbital rim? | Modified Waters method. Orbital floors (plates) are perpendicular to IR, which also provides a less distorted view of the orbital rims than a parietoacanthial (Waters) projection |
| CR for lateral nasal bones? | ½ inch (1.25cm) inferior to nasion |
| What view is best to look at optic foramina? | Rhese method |
| How the condyle is demonstrated on the axiolateral projection (Schuller method)? | Closed mouth image demonstrates the condyle within the mandibular fossa; the condyle moves to the anterior margin of fossa in the open mouth position |
| On the lateral sinuses, to visualize this fluid, how much time should wait for the fluid to settle after patient’s position has been changed? | At least 5 minutes |
| Which position is an ideal position for duodenal bulb and C-loop of the duodenum? | RAO upper GI |
| Which part of the stomach is filled with barium on the AP abdomen projection? | Fundus of stomach |
| Total capacity of the bladder? | 350 to 500ml |
| How much volume of the urine when the desire to void arises? | 250ml |
| On an RPO position: intravenous urography, which side of kidney is best demonstrated? | Left kidney. The kidney on elevated side is placed in profile or parallel to the IR and is best demonstrated with each oblique. |
| On an RPO position: intravenous urography, which side of ureter is best demonstrated? | Right ureter. The downside ureter is projected away from the spine, providing an unobstructed view of this ureter. |
| What is C1-C2 joint classification? | Synovial joints with diarthrodial, or freely movable, plane (or gliding) movement |
| What is occipitoatlantal joint classification? | Synovial joint with diarthrodial movement, ellipsoid (or condyloid) movement |
| What is demonstrated on the posterior oblique cervical spine? | Intervertebral foramina and pedicles on the side farthest from the IR |
| What is demonstrated on the lateral cervical spine? | Cervical vertebral bodies, intervertebral joint spaces, articular pillars, spinous process, and zygapophyseal joints |
| Patient position and CR for Fuchs method? | MML perpendicular to IR, CR parallel to MML, directed to inferior tip of mandible |
| Which view of the thoracic spine that demonstrates the intervertebral foramina? | Lateral |
| What is demonstrated on the anterior oblique thoracic spine? | The downside zygapophyseal joints |
| How to position the patient on the oblique thoracic spine? | Rotate the body 20 degree from true lateral to create 70 degrees oblique from plane of table |
| What is demonstrated on the oblique lumbar spine? | Z joints (PO show downside, AO show upside) |
| Which view demonstrates the intervertebral foramina of the lumbar spine? | Lateral view |
| Carpal bones | Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate |
| Tarsal bones | Calcaneus, Talus, Cuboid, Navicular, First, Second, and Third cuneiforms |
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trangng
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