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Pain & Inflammaion
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cox-1 enzymes (protective) do these 3 things | protect stomach lining, activate platelet aggregation, & maintain renal (kidneys) blood flow |
| Cox-2 enzymes (non-protective) do these 3 things | trigger pain, trigger inflammation, & trigger fever |
| Aspirin NSAIDs are non-opioid analgesics. A few things you should know about them are... | stop 1 week before surgery, potential to lose protective stomach lining, and don't give to children |
| You shouldn't give aspirin NSAIDs to children because it could cause... | Reye's syndrome (swelling in the brain) |
| Salicylism (aspirin toxicity) can cause... | fever, respiratory depression, coma, tinnitus, nausea, abdominal pain, & tachypnea |
| Therapeutic uses of aspirin | analgesic, anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory, & anti-platelet aggregation |
| Complications/side effects of aspirin | GI effects, bleeding, Reye's syndrome, & salicylism |
| Contraindications of aspirin | peptic ulcer disease, bleeding disorders, & vitamin K deficiency (since K+ helps w/clotting) |
| Interactions w/aspirin | ibuprofen & warfarin |
| Non-aspirin NSAIDs meds | 1st gen: ibuprofen, 2nd gen: Celebrex (celecoxib) |
| A good thing to remember about Celebrex (celecoxib) med is... | that it's only selective to Cox-2 enzymes |
| Therapeutic uses of non-aspirin NSAIDs (ibuprofen & Celebrex) | analgesic, anti-pyretic, & anti-inflammatory |
| Complications/side effects of non-aspirin NSAIDs (ibuprofen & Celebrex) | GI irritation, increased risk of a myocardial infarction, & impaired kidney function |
| Contraindications of non-aspirin NSAIDs (ibuprofen & Celebrex) | Peptic ulcer disease w/ibuprofen & Sulfonamide allergy w/Celebrex (celecoxib) |
| Interactions of non-aspirin NSAIDs (ibuprofen & Celebrex) | alcohol & aspirin |
| The max dose of acetaminophen per day is... | 4000mg or 4g |
| Therapeutic uses of acetaminophen | analgesic & anti-pyretic |
| Complications/side effects of acetaminophen | acetaminophen over-dose |
| Contraindication of acetaminophen | alcohol-use disorder |
| Interactions with acetaminophen | warfarin & OTC cold meds |
| Good things to remember with non-opioid tramadol... | may take 1 hour to work, take it with food, and increase fluid, fiber, and fitness |
| Therapeutic uses for non-opioid tramadol | analgesic |
| Complications/side effects of non-opioid tramadol | sedation, dizziness, seizures, respiratory depression, nausea, & constipation |
| Contraindications of non-opioid tramadol | seizure disorder |
| Interactions with non-opioid tramadol | CNS depressants |
| Opioid analgesics have 5 categories... | opioid agonists, opioid agonist-antagonists, opioid antagonists, migraine medications, & local anesthetics |
| Opioid agonist meds | morphine & fentanyl patch |
| Therapeutic uses of opioid agonists (morphine & fentanyl patch) | analgesia & sedation |
| Complications/side effects of opioid agonists (morphine & fentanyl patch) | respiratory depression, sedation, cough suppression, biliary colic, anticholinergic effects (can't x4), orthostatic hypotension, nausea, dependency, & overdose |
| Contraindications of opioid agonists (morphine & fentanyl patch) | chronic respiratory issues, biliary tract surgery, & paralytic ileus |
| Interactions with opioid agonists (morphine & fentanyl patch) | CNS depressants & anticholinergics |
| Good things to remember with opioid agonist-antagonists... | No euphoria with these meds so they're less addictive, we'd monitor for HTN, abdominal cramps, vomiting (signs of abstinence syndrome), if someone were taking the Fentanyl patch at the same time, the pain relief from the patch would be removed |
| Opioid agonist-antagonists meds | butorphanol & naloxone |
| Therapeutic uses for opioid agonist-antagonists (butorphanol) | analgesic, opioid dependence, adjunct to anesthesia, & labor pain |
| Complications/side effects for opioid agonist-antagonists (butorphanol) | abstinence syndrome, headache, nausea, dizziness, respiratory depression, sedation |
| Contraindications with opioid agonist-antagonists (butorphanol) | physical dependence on opioids |
| Interactions with opioid agonist-antagonists (butorphanol) | CNS depressants & opioid agonists |
| Opioid antagonists meds | naltrexone & naloxone |
| Therapeutic use for opioid antagonists (naltrexone & naloxone) | opioid over-dose & severe OIC (opioid induced constipation) |
| Complications/side effects for opioid antagonists (naltrexone & naloxone) | tachycardia, tachypnea, increased pain, & abstinence syndrome |
| Abstinence syndrome symptoms... | HTN, abdominal cramps, & vomiting |
| Migraine meds (-triptans) | sumatriptan |
| Therapeutic uses for migraine meds (sumatriptan) | terminate migraine through vasoconstriction |
| Complications/side effects for migraine meds (sumatriptan) | *HTN* & dizziness |
| Contraindications for migraine meds (sumatriptan) | uncontrolled HTN |
| Migraine meds (sumatriptan) are available in these 4 forms... | oral, SubQ, rectal, & intranasal |
| Local anesthetic meds (-caine) | lidocaine & cetacaine |
| Therapeutic uses for local anesthetics (lidocaine & cetacaine) | blocks pain impulses in a specific area |
| Complications/side effects for local anesthetics (lidocaine & cetacaine) | *seizures* & hypotension |
| Interaction with local anesthetics (lidocaine & cetacaine) | anti-hypertensive drugs |
| Local anesthetics (lidocaine & cetacaine) are available in these 2 routes... | parenteral (IV or injection) & topical ointments |
| With topical administration, you should remember... | Keep NPO order until pharyngeal sensation returns |
| Inflammation has 2 categories of meds... | uricosurics & glucocorticoids |
| Uricosurics med | allopurinol |
| Good to know while taking a uricosuric (allopurinol)... | Patients should consume 3L of water/day & be on the lookout for fever or rash |
| Therapeutic uses for a uricosuric (allopurinol) | hyperuricemia (r/t gout or chemotherapy) |
| Complications/side effects for a uricosuric (allopurinol) | hypersensitivity syndrome & metallic taste |
| Contraindications for a uricosuric (allopurinol) | liver or kidney impairment |
| Interactions with a uricosuric (allopurinol) | warfarin |
| Glucocorticoids meds | prednisone & dexamethasone |
| Good to know with glucocorticoids (prednisone & dexamethasone)... | patient will feel really hungry at first, but the effect with go away in time & it's a taper drug |
| Therapeutic uses for glucocorticoids (prednisone & dexamethasone) | inflammatory disorders, autoimmune disorders, & organ rejection |
| Complications/side effects for glucocorticoids (prednisone & dexamethasone) | peptic ulcer disease/GI discomfort, osteoporosis, fluid/electrolyte imbalance, hyperglycemia, & infection |
| Contraindications for glucocorticoids (prednisone & dexamethasone) | peptic ulcer disease & osteoporosis |
| Interaction with glucocorticoids (prednisone & dexamethasone) | furosemide |
Created by:
tiffhales
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