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Intelligence

Psychology

TermDefinition
Achievement Test determine how much a person has already learned.
Adaptive Testing adjust their level of difficulty—based on the responses provided—to match the knowledge and ability of a test taker
Alfred Binet a French psychologist, created the first intelligence test to separate slower learners from other students in the French education system, based on the problem solving skills that the average person at a specific age should possess, mental age
Aptitude Test try to predict how well a person will be able to learn a certain skill
Body Kinesthetic ability to control movement and balance
Charles Spearman proposed the Two-Factor Theory of intelligence, intelligence is made up of: G, or general intelligence, which refers to our overall ability to solve problems;S, or specific intelligences, are concentrated in certain areas such as math and verbal abilities
Content Validity How well does the test measure what someone has learned?
Cultural Bias items that pertain to one social group but not another
David Wechsler developed most common intelligence tests used today, give percentile scores in several areas to provide a more detailed picture of a person’s strengths and weaknesses, first to include nonverbal components to reduce bias
Emotional Intelligence was created by Daniel Goleman and is related to Gardner’s concepts of interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence, refers to an ability to perceive and express one’s own emotions as well as understand the emotions of others
G (General intelligence) refers to our overall ability to solve problems
Gifted a score above 130
Heritability it means that individuals with the same genes have similar IQs and individuals with different genes have relatively different IQs
Howard Gardner created multiple intelligences
Intelligence The ability to learn new ideas and behavior?, Doing well in school and on IQ tests?, Reading emotions and interacting successfully with other people?, Having exceptional abilities in areas such as art and music?m, A combination of all of these things?
Intelligence Quotient (IQ) (mental age / chronological age) X 100
Interest Inventory measure a person’s preferences in a wide variety of activities to identify areas they may succeed in
Interpersonal skilled in interactions with others
Interscorer different graders give consistent scores
Intrapersonal skilled at understanding one’s own self
L.L. Thurstone found that intelligent behavior does not arise from a general factor, but rather emerges from seven independent factors that he called primary abilities
Linguistic Verbal speaking / writing skills
Logical Mathematical ability to process numbers and equations
Mental Age based on the average performance of that age group
Mentally Handicapped scores under 70
MMPI(Minnesota-Multiphasic Personality Inventory) most widely used objective test, help diagnose psychological disorders, 10 different clinical scales measured by the test
Multiple Intelligences believed that we actually possess intelligence in eight different areas: someone may be high or low in each
Musical ability to compose and play music
Myers Briggs objective test, assesses personality based on specific traits, such as extraversion vs introversion, sheds insight onto the traits we use in our daily interactions
Naturalist ability to function and identify patterns in nature
Norm the average scores of a large group of people
Objective Tests used limited or forced-choice options, person must choose from the options given
Percentile used instead to give a score based on the test’s norms, indicates the percentage of test takers who you outperformed
Personality Test try to measure a person’s unique characteristics or identify problems in mental functioning, explain future behavior
Predictive Validity Can the test tell us something about future behavior?
Projective Tests use free-response techniques which are then interpreted by a psychologist
Reliability refers to the consistency of a test
Rorschach Test most famous projective test, consists of 10 ambiguous inkblots, test taker is asked to say what he or she sees when looking at the inkblot, Psychologists analyze the responses in an attempt to gain insight into personality
S (specific intelligences) concentrated in certain areas such as math and verbal abilities
Spatial ability to comprehend shapes and three-dimensional objects
Split Half test is divided into two parts and each half is compared
Standardized Test hey must be given same way every time (for example, standard instructions), scores are interpreted based on norms, or the average scores of a large group of people
Stanford Binet Binet’s test was revised by Lewis Terman for use in the United States, used a formula to determine intelligence quotient or IQ
TAT (thematic apperception test) subjects are shown pictures of 20 scenes and must make up a story for each, Psychologists look for themes that apply to our social motives
Test Retest scores are consistent over time
Triarchic Theory Componential intelligence - “academic intelligence” used to solve problems, Creative intelligence - the ability to use information in a new or original way, Practical intelligence - Applying what you know to real-life situations
Two factor theory G and S
Validity refers whether or not a test measures what it is intended to measure
WAIS for adults
WISC for children
Created by: nailea89326
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