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NCSU Psych T3
NCSU Psychology Test 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mnemonics | Any strategy that helps you remember |
| Rehearsal: Maintenance | keeping information in STM by rote repetition |
| Rehearsal: Elaborative | required for more permanent storage, relating new information to what you already know |
| Chunking | process of organizing input based on information already in LTM |
| Method of Loci | locations associated with an image of what we want to remember |
| Decay Theory | memories decay over time if they are not used |
| Interference Theory | Other information gets in the way |
| Interference Theory: Proactive | material learned PRIOR to what is being retrieved interferes |
| Interference Theory: Retroactive | material learned AFTER what is being retrieved interferes |
| Autobiographical Memory | LTM: Memory for things that happened to you in the past |
| Flashbulb memory | LTM: memory for emotionally arousing or surprising events |
| Thinking | the representation and processing of information in the mind |
| Commonalities of Problem-Solving | 1. Initial State - description of unsolved problems 2. Set of operations or actions to be used to solve the problem 3. Goal State: description of solved problem 4. Solution is not immediately obvious |
| Obstacles to Problem Solving | Mental or response set: repeat same procedures that were successful in the past Functional Fixedness: tendency to adhere to a single approach in problem solving |
| Algorithm | specific rules or procedures that guarantee an accurate solution |
| Heuristic | educated guess, informal strategy that works under some circumstances, some of the time |
| Representativeness Heuristic | the tendency to assume that, if an object is similar to members of a particular category, it is probably a member of the category itself. Ex: socail sterotypes |
| Gambler's Fallacy | belief that if an even has not occurred for a while, then it is more likely to occur in the near future. |
| Availability Heuristic | when people attempt to assess the importance or frequency of an event, they tend to be guided by the ease with which examples of that event come to mind. (Married students) |
| The framing effect | the tendency to answer a question differently when it is phrased or worded differently |
| Language | shared system of symbolic communication |
| Linguistic Universals | features or characteristics common to all languages |
| 2 Linguistic Universals | 1. Interpersonal/Communicative-Goal of language is to communicate between two or more individuals 2. Symbolic-symbols of language are arbitrary. The words we use do not have to sound like what they represent. |
| 2 Linguistic Universals | 1. Meaningful-each word expresses a meaningful idea or concept 2. Referential-particular symbols refer to something in the world |
| 2 Linguistic Universals | 1. Structured-implicit rules about how sentences are put together 2. Multiplicity of structure-words can have more than one meaning, and can say the same thing in many ways |
| 2 Linguistic Universals | 1. Creative/Productive-can use language to produce an infinite number of unique phrases and sentences 2. Dynamic-language is constantly evolving; new words and phrases are added into common language |
Created by:
ralee321
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