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Public Speaking
Chapters 5- 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 5 stages of Listening | Receiving (Sensing) Interpreting Evaluating Responding Memory (remembering) |
| Receiving (sensing) | taking in (or not) all the stimuli that you sense (what you hear, see, smell, etc... |
| Interpreting | Supplying meaning to the messages you have sensed |
| Evaluating | When you judge the message. Like vs dislike, agree vs disagree. |
| Responding | When you give any type of feedback. |
| Memory (remembering) | When you decide weather or not to retain any of the stimuli that you have sensed. |
| Keys to Listening | Recognize that we listen selectively |
| Situational Information | How many will attend? Is it voluntary or required? What do they know about me or the topic? What are their expectations? |
| Demographical Information | Age Gender Ethnic and cultural background. Education Occupation Socioeconomic status Religious affiliation |
| Psychological Information | Where are their attitudes, beliefs, values and needs |
| Attitude | A feeling of like, dislike, approval, or disapproval toward a person, group, idea or event. |
| Belief | a perception of reality. The mental acceptance that something is true even if we can't prove it to be true. |
| Value | A deep seated principle (often learned from family, school, or religion) that serves as a personal guideline for behavior. |
| Need | A state in which some sort of unsatisfied condition exists. |
| How do you gather Situational, Demographical and Psychological Information? | Observation Surveys and Questionnaires Interviews Review publishes sources Informants/Insiders |
| Audience Analysis | Determine who is in the audience/gather information. This is accomplished through gathering Situational, Demographic, and Psychological information. |
| Supporting Material | Primary Sources Secondary Sources Critically evaluate your source Record references as you go |
| Primary Sources | Research - Original or Firsthand information Interviews Surveys Questionares |
| Secondary Sources | Research - Produced by others Books Newspapers Journals Encyclopedias |
| Steps in selecting a topic | Overall purpose Topic criteria General Topic Specific Topic General Purpose Specific Purpose Thesis Statement |
| Topic Criteria includes | Something that fits the occasion or assignment Something you know about Something you find interesting Something the audience finds interesting Something the audience finds valuable (Brainstorming is a good exercise for generating topics) |
| Overused supports | Explanation Statistics |
| Underused supports | Instances Comparison Expert Opinions Fables, Saying, Poems and Rhymes Demonstrations |
| Explanation | defines, gives more info, or instructs how to do something |
| Statistics | numbers used to show relationships between items |
| Instances | A specific case that is used to clarify, add interest and in some case prove a point. Instances can be factual or hypothetical |
| Comparison | Clarifying by showing similarities between two or more items. |
| Literal Comparison | Is items within the same category (comparing and catfish to a perch) Both are fish. |
| Figurative Comparison | Items in a different category. (Comparing a boy to a fish) |
| Expert Opinions | Information given by an expert that gives credibility to your speech. |
| Demonstrations | Use objects or people to explain or clarify and idea by showing something. |
| Effective Internet Research include | Library Printed and online sources Virtual Libraries Invisible web Be a critical consumer of information Distinguish among information, propaganda, misinformation, and disinformation Internet search tools (search engines, web directories) |
| Additional Effective Research include | Beware of commercial searches Conduct smart searches Record internet searches carefully to avoid plagiarism. |
| Information | Understandable data with the potential to become knowledge |
| Propaganda | Information represented in a way that provokes a desired response. |
| Misinformation | information that is not true or inaccurate. Not necessarily the result of deceit |
| Disinformation | Information that has been deliberately falsified. |
Created by:
3zimm
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