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RTE 1503 Chp 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The radiographic film image is composed of metallic_________ on a polyester base. | Silver |
| Image quality factors of radiograph | Density, Contrast, resolution, and distortion |
| Which specific exposure factor controls the quality or penetrating ability of the x-ray beam? | Kilovoltage (kV) |
| Exposure time is usually expressed in units of? | milliseconds |
| The amount of blackness seen on a processed radiograph is called? | Density |
| The primary controlling factor for the overall blackness on a radiograph is? | mAs |
| Which term is used to describe a radiograph that has to little density? | Underexposed |
| Doubling the mAs will result in _______ the density on the IR image | double |
| True/false kV must be altered to change radiographic density on the IR image | False |
| When IR images, using manual technique settings, are underexposed or overexposed, a minimum change in mAs of ____ is required to make a visible difference in the radiographic density. | 25% to 30% |
| According to the anode heel effect, the x-ray beam is less intense at the _____ end of the x-ray tube. | Anode |
| To best use the anode heel effect, the thicker part of the anatomic structure should be placed under the ______ end of the x-ray tube. | cathode |
| What device or method may be used to compensate for the anatomic part thickness difference and produce an acceptable density on the IR image | compensating filter |
| Three common types of compensating filters | Wedge filter, trough filter, and boomerang |
| Compensating filter used commonly for AP projections of the thoracic spine? | Wedge filter |
| compensating filter permits soft tissue and bony detail of the shoulder to be equally visualized? | Boomerang filter |
| The difference in density on adjacent areas of the radiographic contrast? | Radiographic contrast |
| What is the primary controlling factor for radiographic contrast | Kilovoltage (kV) |
| Two scales of radiographic contrast | Long-scale (low contrast) Short-scale (High contrast) |
| Which scale of contrast is produced with a 110kV technique? | Long scale |
| True/False: A 50kV technique will produce a high-contrast image | True |
| True/False: A low-contrast image demonstrates more shades of gray on the radiograph | True |
| Exposure factor that results in the least patient exposure and produce long-scale contrast on a PA chest image? | 100kV, 10mAs |
| If an anatomic part measures greater than ____ cm, a grid must be used | 10 |
| The central ray (CR) and face of grid are not perpendicular. | Off-level grid cut-off |
| The SID is set beyond the focal range of the grid | Off-focus grid cut-off |
| The back of the grid is facing the x-ray tube. | Upside down grid cut-off |
| the recorded sharpness of structures or objects on the radiograph defines | Resolution |
| The lack of visible sharpness is called | blur |
| Three geometric factors that control or influence image resolution | Focal spot size, film screen system, and motion |
| The term that describes the unsharp edge of the projected image? | penumbra |
| The greatest contributor to image unsharpness as related to positioning is | Motion |
| What is the best mechanism to control involuntary motion during an exposure? | Shorten exposure time |
| Sacred Seven | Localization, chronology, quality, severity, onset, aggravating or alleviating factors, asst. manifestations |
| Localization | exact and precise an area as possible for the patient's complaint |
| chronology | the time element of history (duration, frequency and course) |
| Quality | the character of the symptons |
| Severity | intensity, the quantity or the extensiveness of the problems |
| Onset | What was patient doing when illness or condition began |
| Aggravating or alleviating factors | circumstances that produce the problem |
| Associated Manifestations | Determining whether other symptoms accompany the chief complaint |
| The intensity of light that represents the individual pixels in the image on the monitor | Brightness |
| The center point of the x-ray beam | Central Ray (CR) |
| the density difference on adjacent areas of a radiographic image | Contrast |
| The ability of an imaging system to distinguish between similar tissues | Contrast resolution |
| A numeric value that is representative of the exposure the image receptor received in digital radiography | Exposure index |
| Random disturbance that obscures or reduces clarity. (grainy or mottled) | Noise |
| The recorded sharpness of structures on the image; also may be called detail, sharpness, or definition | Resolution |
| PACS | Picture Archiving communication system |
| DICOM | Digital Imaging Communications Medicine |
| HL7 | Health Care Level 7 |
| RIS | Radiology Info System |
| HIS | Hospital Info System |
| The factors used to evaluate digital image quality | Brightness, contrast, resolution, distortion, exposure index, and noise |
| A numeric value that is representative of the exposure that the IR has received. | exposure index |
| Misrepresentation of object size or shape | Distortion |
| Primary controlling factors of distortion | SID, OID, object image receptor alignment, and central ray alignment/centering |
| The greatest deterrent to image sharpness as related to positioning is | Motion |
| The most common application of the anode heel effect is for AP projections of the _________ | Thoracic spine |
| What precentage increase will increase film density similar to doubling the mAs | 15% |
| The primary controlling factor of film density is | mAs |
| Measurement of radiation exposure in the air | Roentgen (R) |
| Use primarily for patient doses | Rad (rad) |
| Used for radiation protection purposes, such as for reporting worker doses with personnel monitors | Rem (rem) |
| The dose-limiting recommendation for occupationally exposed workers is | 5 rem (50mSv) per year |
| Technologist have the important responsibility of protecting who | Patients, themselves and fellow workers |
| ALARA | As low as reasonably achievable |
| Higher kV produces less variation in attenuation, resulting in ________ | Lower contrast |
| Also known as detail, recorded detail, image sharpness, or definition | Resolution |
| Less magnification occurs at a greater _____ than at a shorter _______ | SID, SID |
| Suggested SID listed on each skeletal positioning page is a minimum of ____ inches | 40 |
| Central ray angle for most projections, the CR is aligned _______ or _______ to the plane of the IR | perpendicular, 90 degrees |
| Digital radiographic images viewed on a computer monitor are referred to as | Soft copy images |
| Controlled by the processing software through the application of predetermined digital processing algorithms. | Brightness |
| The difference in brightness between light and dark areas of an image | digital imaging, contrast |
| Range of possible shades of gray demonstrated is related to the | bit depth |
| In addition to pixel size, resolution is controlled by the | display matrix |
| The number of x-ray photons that strike the detector (mAs) can be considered the | Signal |
| A ____ SNR is desirable | High |
| A potential source of noise that can be controlled by the use of grids and correct collimation | Scatter radiation |
| IP can be used repeatedly, does not neet to be ____ _____. | Light tight |
| IP is erased by a _____ _____ inside the reader | bright light |
| A minimum of ____ of the IR must be exposed if an accurate exposure index is to be obtained | 30% |
| the term lengthwise corresponds with | portrait |
| A digital storage and image management system | Digital archive |
| Series of boxes that give form to the image | Display matrix |
| The cumulative lifetime ED limit for an occupationally exposed worker is | 1 rem (10 mSv) times the years of age |
| Gonadal shields, if place correctly, will reduce the gonadal dose | 50% to 90% |
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