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RTE 1503 Chp 2

QuestionAnswer
The radiographic film image is composed of metallic_________ on a polyester base. Silver
Image quality factors of radiograph Density, Contrast, resolution, and distortion
Which specific exposure factor controls the quality or penetrating ability of the x-ray beam? Kilovoltage (kV)
Exposure time is usually expressed in units of? milliseconds
The amount of blackness seen on a processed radiograph is called? Density
The primary controlling factor for the overall blackness on a radiograph is? mAs
Which term is used to describe a radiograph that has to little density? Underexposed
Doubling the mAs will result in _______ the density on the IR image double
True/false kV must be altered to change radiographic density on the IR image False
When IR images, using manual technique settings, are underexposed or overexposed, a minimum change in mAs of ____ is required to make a visible difference in the radiographic density. 25% to 30%
According to the anode heel effect, the x-ray beam is less intense at the _____ end of the x-ray tube. Anode
To best use the anode heel effect, the thicker part of the anatomic structure should be placed under the ______ end of the x-ray tube. cathode
What device or method may be used to compensate for the anatomic part thickness difference and produce an acceptable density on the IR image compensating filter
Three common types of compensating filters Wedge filter, trough filter, and boomerang
Compensating filter used commonly for AP projections of the thoracic spine? Wedge filter
compensating filter permits soft tissue and bony detail of the shoulder to be equally visualized? Boomerang filter
The difference in density on adjacent areas of the radiographic contrast? Radiographic contrast
What is the primary controlling factor for radiographic contrast Kilovoltage (kV)
Two scales of radiographic contrast Long-scale (low contrast) Short-scale (High contrast)
Which scale of contrast is produced with a 110kV technique? Long scale
True/False: A 50kV technique will produce a high-contrast image True
True/False: A low-contrast image demonstrates more shades of gray on the radiograph True
Exposure factor that results in the least patient exposure and produce long-scale contrast on a PA chest image? 100kV, 10mAs
If an anatomic part measures greater than ____ cm, a grid must be used 10
The central ray (CR) and face of grid are not perpendicular. Off-level grid cut-off
The SID is set beyond the focal range of the grid Off-focus grid cut-off
The back of the grid is facing the x-ray tube. Upside down grid cut-off
the recorded sharpness of structures or objects on the radiograph defines Resolution
The lack of visible sharpness is called blur
Three geometric factors that control or influence image resolution Focal spot size, film screen system, and motion
The term that describes the unsharp edge of the projected image? penumbra
The greatest contributor to image unsharpness as related to positioning is Motion
What is the best mechanism to control involuntary motion during an exposure? Shorten exposure time
Sacred Seven Localization, chronology, quality, severity, onset, aggravating or alleviating factors, asst. manifestations
Localization exact and precise an area as possible for the patient's complaint
chronology the time element of history (duration, frequency and course)
Quality the character of the symptons
Severity intensity, the quantity or the extensiveness of the problems
Onset What was patient doing when illness or condition began
Aggravating or alleviating factors circumstances that produce the problem
Associated Manifestations Determining whether other symptoms accompany the chief complaint
The intensity of light that represents the individual pixels in the image on the monitor Brightness
The center point of the x-ray beam Central Ray (CR)
the density difference on adjacent areas of a radiographic image Contrast
The ability of an imaging system to distinguish between similar tissues Contrast resolution
A numeric value that is representative of the exposure the image receptor received in digital radiography Exposure index
Random disturbance that obscures or reduces clarity. (grainy or mottled) Noise
The recorded sharpness of structures on the image; also may be called detail, sharpness, or definition Resolution
PACS Picture Archiving communication system
DICOM Digital Imaging Communications Medicine
HL7 Health Care Level 7
RIS Radiology Info System
HIS Hospital Info System
The factors used to evaluate digital image quality Brightness, contrast, resolution, distortion, exposure index, and noise
A numeric value that is representative of the exposure that the IR has received. exposure index
Misrepresentation of object size or shape Distortion
Primary controlling factors of distortion SID, OID, object image receptor alignment, and central ray alignment/centering
The greatest deterrent to image sharpness as related to positioning is Motion
The most common application of the anode heel effect is for AP projections of the _________ Thoracic spine
What precentage increase will increase film density similar to doubling the mAs 15%
The primary controlling factor of film density is mAs
Measurement of radiation exposure in the air Roentgen (R)
Use primarily for patient doses Rad (rad)
Used for radiation protection purposes, such as for reporting worker doses with personnel monitors Rem (rem)
The dose-limiting recommendation for occupationally exposed workers is 5 rem (50mSv) per year
Technologist have the important responsibility of protecting who Patients, themselves and fellow workers
ALARA As low as reasonably achievable
Higher kV produces less variation in attenuation, resulting in ________ Lower contrast
Also known as detail, recorded detail, image sharpness, or definition Resolution
Less magnification occurs at a greater _____ than at a shorter _______ SID, SID
Suggested SID listed on each skeletal positioning page is a minimum of ____ inches 40
Central ray angle for most projections, the CR is aligned _______ or _______ to the plane of the IR perpendicular, 90 degrees
Digital radiographic images viewed on a computer monitor are referred to as Soft copy images
Controlled by the processing software through the application of predetermined digital processing algorithms. Brightness
The difference in brightness between light and dark areas of an image digital imaging, contrast
Range of possible shades of gray demonstrated is related to the bit depth
In addition to pixel size, resolution is controlled by the display matrix
The number of x-ray photons that strike the detector (mAs) can be considered the Signal
A ____ SNR is desirable High
A potential source of noise that can be controlled by the use of grids and correct collimation Scatter radiation
IP can be used repeatedly, does not neet to be ____ _____. Light tight
IP is erased by a _____ _____ inside the reader bright light
A minimum of ____ of the IR must be exposed if an accurate exposure index is to be obtained 30%
the term lengthwise corresponds with portrait
A digital storage and image management system Digital archive
Series of boxes that give form to the image Display matrix
The cumulative lifetime ED limit for an occupationally exposed worker is 1 rem (10 mSv) times the years of age
Gonadal shields, if place correctly, will reduce the gonadal dose 50% to 90%
Created by: Joker71
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