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Ch 6
Ch 6 and Ch 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the bpm with Sinus bradycardia? | less than 60 bpm |
| What would cause Sinus bradycardia? | weakened or damage SA node, severe or chronic hypoxemia, increase intracranial pressure, sleep apnea, and certain drugs |
| What is the bpm with Sinus tachycardia? | Greater than 100 bpm |
| What would cause Sinus tachycardia? | Stress and exercise |
| What are the abnormal causes for Sinus tachycardia? | Hypoxemia, severe anemia, hyperthermia, massive hemorrhage, pain, fear, anxiety, hyperthyroidism, and sympathomimetic or parasympatholytic |
| What does the heart rate do during Sinus arrhythmia? | it varies by more than 10% from beat to beat |
| What does the P wave do in Atrial flutter and what does it look like also? | It is absent and is replaced with to or more saw-tooth waves |
| what is the rate of bpm in atrial flutter? | 250 to 350 bpm |
| What are the causes for atrial flutter? | hypoxemia, damaged SA node, and congestive heart failure |
| Where is atrial fibrillation found? | In sleep apnea |
| What is the bpm in atrial fibrillation? | 350 to 750 bpm |
| What does the Q,R,S look like in premature ventricular contractions? | Q,R,S is wide, bizarre, and unlike normal. |
| What are the causes of premature ventricular contractions? | intrinsic myocardial disease, hypoxemia, acidemia, hypokalemia, and congestive heart disease |
| What does the P.Q,R,S, and T complex look like in ventricular tachycardia? | P wave indiscernible, and QRS complex is wide and bizarre, and T wave may not be separated. |
| What is the ventricular rate in ventricular tachycardia? | 150 to 250 bpm |
| What medicines are giving during ventricular tachycardia and are they a medical emergencies? | It varies between pulse or no pulse, and both are a medical emergency. |
| What happens to the cardiac output and blood pressure during ventricular fibrillation? | There is no cardiac output or blood pressure |
| How log does the patient have during ventricular fibrillation? | The patient will die within minutes without treatment |
| During asystole (cardiac standstill), will electrical shock work and if not what will? | Electrical shock will not work, CPR and ALCS medication are needed. |
| How can hemodynamics be assessed? | Perfusion state, heart rate, pulse rate, and blood pressure |
| How can intracardiac pressure and flow, arterial pressure, and central venous pressure be monitored? | Pulmonary artery catheter, arterial catheter, and central venous pressure |
| What is a Pulmonary Artery Catheter (Swanz-Ganz)? | A balloon-tipped flow-directed catheter that is inserted at a patient's bedside. |
| What does the Swanz-Ganz measure and how? | rt arterial pressure (proximal port), pulmonary arterial pressure (distal port), left arterial pressure (pulmonary capillary wedge pressure), and oxygenation levels |
| Hemodynamics=COPD | CVP=up, RAP=up, PA=extreme up, PCWP=unchanged, and CO=unchanged |
| Hemodynamics=Pulmonary edema | CVP=unchanged, RAP=up, PA=up, PCWP=extreme up, and CO=down |
| What is the Hemodynamics value and their normal? | CVP=0-8 mm Hg, RAP=0-8 mm Hg, PA=10-20 mm Hg, PCWP=4-12 mm Hg |
| What does the arterial catheter (A-line) allow? | Continuous and precise measurements of systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure, accurate information regarding fluctuations in blood pressure, and guidance in the decision to up-regulate or down-regulate therapy. |
| What does the Central venous pressure catheter severe as? | An excellent monitor of right ventricular function |
| What patients have an increase CVP reading? | left ventricular heart failure, receiving excessively high positive-pressure mechanical breaths, cor pulmonale, and severe flail chest, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion |
Created by:
williams71
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