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Chapter 5
Anatomy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cardiac/Heart | Only muscle in the body of it's type. Functions involuntarily. |
| Anatomy | Study of the organs and systems of the body. |
| Physiology | Study of the functions of the organs and systems of the body. |
| Gross Anatomy | Study of the structures that can be seen with the naked eye. |
| Histology | Study of structures too small to be seen except through a microscope. |
| Cells, Tissues, Organs, Body Systems | Building blocks of the human body. |
| Cells | Basic units of life. |
| Protoplasm | A colorless gel-like substance that contains water, salt and nutrients obtained from food. |
| Nucleus | Control center of the cell. |
| Cytoplasm | Production department of the cell. |
| Organells | Perform most of the cells activities. Store food for growth as well as repair and restore the cell. |
| Cell Membrane | Outer surface of the cell. |
| Mitosis | Human cells are reproduce by dividing in half. |
| Metabolism | Turns nutrients into energy for the body to store for later use. |
| Carbohydrates | Bodies main energy source. |
| Anabolism and Catabolism | 2 phases of metabolism. |
| Anabolism | The process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones. |
| Catabolism | The process of breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones. |
| Epithelial Tissue | Covers and protects body surfaces and internal organs. |
| Connective Tissue | Supports, protects and holds the body together. |
| Nerve Tissue | Carries messages to and from the brain and coordinates body functions. |
| Muscular Tissue | Contracts when stimulated to produce motion. |
| Liquid Tissue | Carries food, waste products and hormones. |
| Organs | Separate body structures that perform specific functions, composed of 2 or more tissues. |
| Brain | Organ that controls all bodily functions. |
| Eyes | Organ of sight. |
| Heart | A hollow, muscular organ that circulates blood throughout the body. |
| Lungs | Supply the blood with oxygen. |
| Stomach and intestines | Digest food. |
| Liver | Removes toxic by products of digestion. Secrets bile, converts and neutralizes ammonia from the circulatory system to Urea. |
| Kidneys | Eliminate water and waste products. |
| Skin | Largest organ of the body, forms external protective layer. |
| Systems | Group of organs that work together to perform one or more vital functions for the body. |
| Skeletal | Physical foundation. Provides framework for the body. Consists of 206 bones of different shapes and sizes. |
| Muscular | System that moves the body. |
| Circulatory | System that circulates blood through the body. |
| Nervous system | Sends and receives messages. |
| Digestive system | Supplies nutrients to the body. |
| Excretory system | Eliminates waste from the body. |
| Respiratory system | Controls breathing. |
| Endocrine | System that controls growth, health and reproduction. |
| Reproductive system | Generates new life to perpetuate the species. |
| Integumentary | System that covers and protects the entire body. |
| Osteology | Study of bones |
| Bone | Body's hardest structure. Composition is 2/3 miners matter and 1/3 organic matter. |
| Skull | 2 sets of bones form this. Cranium (8 bones) and Facial skeleton (14 bones). |
| Frontal bone | Extends from top of eyes to top of the head (forehead). |
| Parietal Bones | Bones that form the upper sides of the head and the crown. |
| Occipital | The bone that forms the back of the skull, indenting above the nape area. |
| Temporal bones | Located on either side of the head, directly above the ears and below the parietal bones. |
| Spenoid | Bone located behind the eyes and nose. Connects all the bones of the cranium. |
| Ethmoid | Spongy bone between the eyes that forms part of the nasal cavity. |
| Mandible | Largest bone of the facial skeleton, lower jaw. |
| Maxillae | Two bones of the upper jaw |
| Zygomatic/Malar | Two bones that form the upper cheek and the bottom of the eye socket. |
| Lacrimal | Smallest 2 bones of the facial skeleton and form the front part of the inner, bottom wall of the eye socket. |
| Nasal | 2 bones which join to form the bridge of the nose. |
| Cervical Vertebrae | Seven bones that form the top part of the spinal column. |
| Hyiod | U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the muscles of the tongue. It is the only bone not connected to another. |
| Metacarpals | Bones of the hand. |
| Thorax/Chest | Bony cage made up of the spine, thoracic vertebrae, sternum and 12 ribs. |
| Clavicle | Bone that runs across the chest between the shoulders. |
| Decollete | Upper chest area |
| Scapula/Shoulder blade | 2 large flat bones extending from the middle of the back up to the joint where they attach to the clavicle. |
| Myology | Study of the nature, structure, function, and diseases of the muscles. |
| 40 | Percent of bodies weight that the 500 large and small muscles in the body account for. |
| Anterior | Toward the front. |
| Posterior | Toward the back. |
| Superioris | Located above or is larger. |
| Inferioris | Located below or is smaller. |
| Levator | Lifts up. |
| Depressor |
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