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Foot 1
Foot anatomy
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Name the tarsals of the foot | Calcaneus, Cuboid, Cuniforms (1 medial, 2 intermediate, 3 lateral), Navicular, Talus |
How many Tarsals are there? | Seven 7 |
The heel bone is called | Calcaneus |
The Calcaneus is a Tarsal | True |
Where would you find Sesamoid Bones in the foot? | embedded in tendons, near joints, plantar surface |
How many bones in the foot? | 14 (phalanges), 5 (metatarsals), 7 (tarsals). 26 total bones. |
Name the arches of the foot | Longitundinal Arch (Long axis of foot consisiting of Lateral and Medial sides of foot) Transverse arch (across the foot) |
Describe the Longitudinal arch of the foot | Comprised of lateral and medial, most of the arch is on the medial side and in the mid aspect of the foot |
Describe the Transverse arch of the foot | primary located along the plantar surface of the distal tarsals and TMT joints. Made up mostly of the cuniforms and cuboid (especially 2nd and 3rd cuniforms). |
Dorsiflexion is | when the foot is raised cephalad |
Plantar Flexion is | when the foot is extended away from the body (pressing the gas pedal) |
Inversion (varus) of the foot is | when the bottom of the foot is faced medially |
Eversion (valgus) of the foot is | when the bottom of the foot is faced laterally |
Technical factors for the foot | 40in SID, 50-70kV, short exp. time, grid if >10cm |
Name the Foot positions | AP axial, AP oblique, Lateral |
Name the Toes positions | AP axial, AP oblique, Lateral |
Name the Calcaneus positions | Axial and Lateral |
CR angle for AP axial Toes | 15 degrees cephalic |
Centering for AP axial Toes | MTP joint |
Film size for AP axial Toes | 8x10 or 10x12 (depends on projections done and if AP axial FOOT is done as a projection) |
special projection for sesamoid bones | tangential- dorsiflex foot 15-20deg from vertical, CR perpendicular to IR and centered tangentially to posterior of 1st MTP |
alternative lateral for the foot | lateromedial- outside of the foot, CR mid-cuneiform base of 3rd MT |
special projection for the foot to show longitudinal arches | AP & lateral weight-bearing CR 15deg posterior to base of MT |
Name the Calcaneus projections and centering point | Axial Plantodorsal –dorsiflexed, CR 40deg cephalic at base of 3rd MT Lateral-Mediolateral- CR 1in inferior to medial malleolus |
what is gout | form of arthritis, uric acid deposits destuct joint space |
Lisfranc joint injury requires a decrease or increase in technique | increase to penetrate tarsal region |
joint effusions are signs of | fracture,dislocation,soft tissue damage |
what type of joints are IP joints | hinge (flexion and extension) |
what type of joints are TMT,intertarsal | plane or gliding (limited movement) |
what type of joints are MTP | ellipsoidal or condyloid, (4 movements) |
the calcaneal sulcus and a depression on the Talus form an opening for ligaments to pass through in the middle of the subtalar joint called? | sinus tarsi |
three articular facets appear at the subtalar or talocalcaneal joint with the Talus through which the weight of the body is transmitted to the ground in an erect position | posterior, anterior and middle articular facets |
what does the sustentaculum do? | provides medial support for weight bearing subtalar or talocalcaneal joint |
You are __________ | the shiznat! |
in what projection is the tuberosity on the 5th MT demonstrated | oblique-medial of the foot |
what is a common trauma site for the foot that provides attachment of a tendon | tuberosity of the 5th MT |
weight of the body is transmitted by this bone through the important ankle and talocalcaneal joints | TALUS |
what type of joint is the ankle | synovial-sellar type w/flexion and extension |