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BLOA
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| nature vs nurture debate | researchers debate whether human behavior is the result of biological or environmental factors |
| Acetylcholine | a neurotransmitter involved in muscle contraction, and a role in the development of memory in the hippocampus |
| Dopamine | a neurotransmitter involved in voluntary movement, learning, and feelings of pleasure |
| Serotonin | a neurotransmitter involved in sleep, arousal levels, and emotion |
| Norepinephrine | a neurotransmitter involved in arousal, alertness, and stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system |
| central nervous system | the brain and spinal chord |
| peripheral nervous sytem | the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body |
| somatic nervous system | the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles (skeletal nervous system) |
| autonomic nervous system | the part of the PNS that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs |
| sympathetic nervous system | the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations |
| parasympathetic nervous system | the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy |
| longitudinal case study | research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period |
| localization of function | certain parts of the brain are associated with and control certain brain functions |
| brainstem | the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord wells as it enters the skull; responsible for automatic survival functions |
| medulla | base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing |
| reticular formation | nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal |
| thalamus | the brain's sensory switchboard located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla |
| cerebellum | the "little brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem; it helps coordinate voluntary movement and balance |
| amygdala | two almond-shaped neural clusters that are components of the limbic system and are linked to emotion |
| hippocampus | a neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage |
| hypothalamus | a neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities, helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion |
| cerebral cortex | the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and info-processing center |
| frontal lobes | portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgements |
| occipital lobes | portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes the visual areas, which receive visual info from the opposite field |
| temporal lobes | portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each of which receives auditory info primarily from the opposite ear |
| motor cortex | an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements |
| sensory cortex | the area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body sensations |
| Broca's area | controls language expression; an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech |
| Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)` | subcategory of depression that is characterized by sleepiness and lethargy; high levels of melatonin and changes in light affect people afflicted with SAD |
Created by:
StoneDyson
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