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Ch1:InfantsToddlers

TermDefinition
Behaviorism School of psychology that studies stimuli, responses, and rewards that influence behavior
cognitive development theory Piaget's theory that children construct knowledge and awareness through manipulation and exploration of their environment.
continuity of care Having the same teachers work with the same group of children and families for more than one year, ideally for three years.
ecological systems theory Bronfenbrenner's theory of nested environmntal systems that influence the development and behavior of people.
exosystem Bronfenbrenner's term for the influences that are not a direct part of a childes experience but influence development, such as parent education.
family grouping Method for grouping children where children are of different ages.
macrosystem Bronfenbrenner's term for influences on development from the general culture, including laws and customs.
mesosystem Bronfenbrenner's term for the second level of influence for the child that involves interactions among microsystems, such as a teacher in a child care center and family members.
microsystem Bronfenbrenner's term for the innermost level of influence found in the immediate surrounding of the child, such as parents or an early childhood educator.
milestones Specific behaviors common to an entire population that are used to track development and are observed when they are first or consistently manifested.
normative approach Observing large numbers of children to establish average or normal expectations of when a particular skill or ability is present.
primary caregiving system Method of organizing work in which one teacher is primarily responsible for half of the children and the other teacher is primarily responsible for the rest.
psychosocial theory Erikson's stage theory of development, including trust, autonomy, identity, and intimacy.
scripts A method or sequence of events to learn more about each families' cultural believes and values regarding the various aspects of child rearing.
social learning theories A body of theory that adds social influences to behaviorism to explain development.
sociocultural theory Vygotsky's theory on development, which predicts how cultural values, beliefs, and concepts are passed from one generation to the next.
stages Normal patterns of development that most people go through in maturation, first desribed by Jean-Jacques Rousseau (his theory is the first child-centered approach).
Created by: CandaceBarn
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