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Ch1:InfantsToddlers
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Behaviorism | School of psychology that studies stimuli, responses, and rewards that influence behavior |
| cognitive development theory | Piaget's theory that children construct knowledge and awareness through manipulation and exploration of their environment. |
| continuity of care | Having the same teachers work with the same group of children and families for more than one year, ideally for three years. |
| ecological systems theory | Bronfenbrenner's theory of nested environmntal systems that influence the development and behavior of people. |
| exosystem | Bronfenbrenner's term for the influences that are not a direct part of a childes experience but influence development, such as parent education. |
| family grouping | Method for grouping children where children are of different ages. |
| macrosystem | Bronfenbrenner's term for influences on development from the general culture, including laws and customs. |
| mesosystem | Bronfenbrenner's term for the second level of influence for the child that involves interactions among microsystems, such as a teacher in a child care center and family members. |
| microsystem | Bronfenbrenner's term for the innermost level of influence found in the immediate surrounding of the child, such as parents or an early childhood educator. |
| milestones | Specific behaviors common to an entire population that are used to track development and are observed when they are first or consistently manifested. |
| normative approach | Observing large numbers of children to establish average or normal expectations of when a particular skill or ability is present. |
| primary caregiving system | Method of organizing work in which one teacher is primarily responsible for half of the children and the other teacher is primarily responsible for the rest. |
| psychosocial theory | Erikson's stage theory of development, including trust, autonomy, identity, and intimacy. |
| scripts | A method or sequence of events to learn more about each families' cultural believes and values regarding the various aspects of child rearing. |
| social learning theories | A body of theory that adds social influences to behaviorism to explain development. |
| sociocultural theory | Vygotsky's theory on development, which predicts how cultural values, beliefs, and concepts are passed from one generation to the next. |
| stages | Normal patterns of development that most people go through in maturation, first desribed by Jean-Jacques Rousseau (his theory is the first child-centered approach). |