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science chapter 8
physical science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| diamond | the form of the element carbon in which atoms are arranged in a crystal structure |
| graphite | a form of the element carbon in which each carbon atom is bonded tightly to three other carbon atoms in flat layers |
| fullerene | a form of carbon that consist of atoms arranged in the shape of a hollow sphere |
| nanotube | a form of carbon that consists of atoms in the form of a long hollow cylinder |
| organic compounds | most compounds that contain carbon |
| hydrocarbon | an organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen |
| structural formula | a description of a molecule that shows the kind, number, and arrangement of atoms |
| isomers | compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structural formula |
| saturated hydrocarbons | a hydrocarbon in which all the bonds between carbon atoms are single bonds |
| unsaturated hydrocarbons | a hydrocarbon in which one or more of the bonds between carbon atoms is double or triple |
| substituted hydrocarbon | a hydrocarbon in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by atoms of other elements |
| hydroxyl group | An____OH group, found in alcohols |
| alcohol | a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more hydroxyl groups |
| organic acid | a substituted hydrocarbon with one or more of the -----COOH group of atoms |
| carboxyl group | A -----COOH group, found in organic acids |
| ester | An organic compound made by chemically combining an alcohol and an organic acid |
| polymer | a large molecule in which many smaller molecules are bonded together |
| monomers | one molecule that makes up the links in a polymer chain |
| proteins | an organic compound that is a polymer of amino acids |
| amino acid | one of 20 kinds of organic compounds that are the monomers of proteins |
| plastics | a synthetic polymer that can be molded or shaped |
| composite | a combination of two or more substances that creates a new material with different properties |
| carbohydrate | an energy-rich organic compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| glucose | a simple carbohydrate; the monomer of many complex carbohydrates |
| complex carbohydrate | a long chain, or polymer, of simple carbohydrates |
| starch | a complex carbohydrate in which plants store energy |
| cellulose | a complex carbohydrate found in plant structures |
| lipids | an energy-rich organic compound made of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. Fats, oils, and cholesterol are lipids |
| fatty acids | an organic compound that is a monomer of a fat or oil |
| cholesterol | a waxy lipid in animal cells |
| Nucleic acids | a very large organic compound made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus |
| DNA | Deoxyribo nucleic Acid, one type of nucleic acid |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid, a type of nucleic acid |
| nucleotides | an organic compound that is one of the monomers of nucleic acids |
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