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CHAPTER 7 DEFINITION
PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW TERMS - TEST 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anterograde Amnesia | Inability to encode new memories from our experiences |
| Chunking | Organizing information into meaningful groupings, allowing us to extend the span of short-term memory |
| Context-Dependent Learning | Superior retrieval of memories when the external context of the original memories matches the retrieval context |
| Cryptomnesia | Failure to recognize that our ideas originated with someone else |
| Decay | Fading of information from memory over time |
| Distributed vs. Massed Practice | Studying information in small increments over time (distributed) vs. in large increments over a brief amount of time (massed) |
| Echoic Memory | Auditory sensory memory |
| Elaborative Rehearsal | Linking stimuli to each other in a meaningful way to improve retention of information in short-term memory |
| Encoding | Process of getting information into our memory banks |
| Encoding Specificity | Phenomenon of remembering something better when the conditions under which we retrieve information are similar to the conditions under which we encoded it |
| Episodic Memory | Recollection of events in our lives |
| Explicit Memory | Memories we recall intentionally and of which we have conscious awareness |
| Flashbulb Memories | Emotional memory that is extraordinarily vivid and detailed |
| Iconic Memory | Visual sensory memory |
| Implicit Memory | Memories don't deliberately remember or reflect on consciously |
| Infantile Amnesia | Inability of adults to remember personal experiences that took place before an early age |
| Interference | Loss of information from memory because of competition from additional incoming information |
| Levels of Processing | Depth of transforming information, which influences how easily we remember it |
| Long-term Memory | Relatively enduring (from minutes to years) retention of information stored regarding our facts, experiences, and skills |
| Long-term potentiation | Gradual strengthening of the connections among neurons from repetitive stimulation |
| Magic Number | The span of short-term memory, according to George Miller: seven plus or minus two pieces of information |
| Maintenance Rehearsal | Repeating stimuli in their original form to retain them in short-term memory |
| Memory | Retention of information over time |
| Memory Illusion | False but subjectively compelling memory |
| Meta-memory | Knowledge about our own memory abilities and limitations |
| Misinformation Effect | Creation of fictitious memories by providing misleading information about an event after it takes place |
| Mnemonic | A learning aid, strategy, or device that enhances recall |
| Permastore | Type of long-term memory that appears to be permanent |
| Primacy Effect | Tendency to remember words at the beginning of a list especially well |
| Priming | Our ability to identify a stimulus more easily or more quickly after we've encountered similar stimuli |
| Proactive Interference | Interference with acquisition of new information due to previous learning of information |
| Procedural Memory | Memory for how to do things, including motor skills and habits |
| Recall | Reactivation or reconstruction of experiences from our memory stores |
| Recency Effect | Tendency to remember words at the end of a list especially well |
| Recognition | Selecting previously remembered information from an array of options |
| Rehearsal | Repeating information to extend the duration of retention in short-term memory |
| Relearning | Reacquiring knowledge that we'd previously learned but largely forgotten over time |
| Retrieval | Reactivation or reconstruction of experiences from our memory stores |
| Retrieval Cue | Hint that makes it easier for us to recall information |
| Retroactive Interference | Interference with retention of old information due to acquisition of new information |
| Retrograde Amnesia | Loss of memories from our past |
| Schema | Organized knowledge structure or mental model that we've stored in memory |
| Semantic Memory | Our knowledge of facts about the world |
| Sensory Memory | Brief storage of perceptual information before it is passed to short-term memory |
| Serial Position Curve | Graph depicting both primacy and recency effects on people's ability to recall items on a list |
| Short-term Memory | Memory system that retains information for limited durations |
| Source Monitoring | Lack of clarity about the origin of a memory |
| State-Dependent Learning |
Created by:
meluciano
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