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14 Chapter 14 Heat
Thermal Energy and Heat
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Temperature | _____ is a measure of the average KINETIC energy of the individual particles. |
| Kinetic Energy | Energy from motion - moving objects, electricity, radiation, sound |
| Potential Energy | Energy not moving - energy stored or from position - gravitational energy, chemical energy, elastic energy. |
| increases | As the temperature of a thermometer increases, its volume ___ as the molecules move faster. |
| heat | ____ is thermal energy moving from a warmer object to a cooler object. Always from HOT to COLD. |
| specfic heat | The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of matter 1 degree Kelvin is called ___ |
| without. | A material with a high specific heat can absorb a great deal of thermal energy ___ a great change in temperature. |
| conduction | In the process of _____ heat is transferred from one particle to another without the movement of matter. From atom to atom - heat through a spoon. |
| convection | In ___ heat is transferred by the movement of fluids caused by changing density. |
| convection current | The circular motion of heat caused by changing density is known as ___. |
| Radiaiton | ___ is the transfer of electromagnteic (EM) waves. Only form of heat or energy transfer that can take place through EMpty outer space. |
| only | If two objects have two different temperatures heat will ___ flow from the warmer object to the colder one. |
| conductor | A ___ transfers thermal energy well. It is a physical property of metals. |
| insulator | A material that does not conduct heat well is called an ____. Air is great for this since particles are far apart . |
| states | Another word for forms. |
| Solid | Fixed position, vibrates, Definite shape, definite volume, strong gravitational attraction describe ____, |
| liquid | move around each other, fluid, definite volume, indefinite shape, takes shape of lower part of container. |
| gas | high energy, very little gravitational attraction, indefinite shape, indefinite volume, compressible. |
| Plasma | state of matter where electrons are free from nucleus (which we call positive nuclei at this point). Incredibly high energy. Largest state of matter in the universe. Found in starts. |
| melting | The change of state from a solid to a liquid. Endothermic. |
| freezing | The change of state from a liquid to a solid. Exothermic. |
| evaporation | Vaporization that takes place only on the surface as a liquid changes to a gas state. endothermic. |
| boiling. | The rapid vaporization that takes place below the surface and above the surface. Think B for below. endothermic. |
| vaporization | The change of state from a liquid to a gas. Endothermic. |
| condensation | A change from the gas state to the liquid state. Think drops of water on a cold can of soda. exothermic. |
| thermal expansion | As thermal energy of matter increases, its particles spread out and the substance goes through a process known as ___. |
| heat engines | ___ transform thermal energy into mechanical energy. |
| external | In heat engines where the fuel is burned OUTSIDE the engine, are called ____ combustion engines. |
| internal | In heat engines where the fuel is burned inside the engine, are called ____ combustion engines. |
| refrigerant | A substance that absorbs and releases heat. |
Created by:
aubiefan
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