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Research Methods

Vocabulary for Theme 2

TermDefinition
Sample The small group of participants, out of the total number of available, that a researcher studies.
Naturalistic Observation Research method in which the psychologist observes the subject in a natural setting without interfering.
Case Study Research method that involves an intensive investigation of one or more participants.
Survey Research method in which information is obtained by asking many individuals a fixed set of questions.
Longitudinal Study Research method in which data is collected about a group of participants over a number of years to assess how certain characteristics change or remain the same during development.
Cross-sectional Study Research method in which data is collected from groups of participants of different ages and compared so that conclusions can be drawn about differences due to age.
Correlation The measure of a relationship between two variables or sets of data.
Hypothesis An educated inference about the relationship between two variables.
Variable Any factor that is capable of change.
Experimental Group The group to which an independent variable is applied.
Control Group The group that is treated in the same way as the experimental group except that the experimental treatment [the independent variable] is not applied.
Self-fulfilling Prophecy A situation in which a researcher's expectations influence that person's own behavior, and thereby influence the participants behavior.
SIngle-blind Experiment An experiment in which the participants are unaware of which participants received the treatment.
Double-blind Experiment An experiment in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know which participants received which treatment.
Placebo Effect A change in a participant's illness or behavior that results from a belief that the treatment will have an effect, rather than the actual treatment.
Statistics The branch of mathematics concerned with summarizing and making meaningful inferences from collections of data.
Descriptive Statistics The listing and summarizing of data in a practical, efficient way.
Frequency Distribution An arrangement of data that indicates how often a particular score or observation occurs.
Normal Curve A graph of frequency distribution shaped like a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve; a graph of normal distribution.
Central Tendency A number that describes something about the "average" score of a distribution.
Variance A measure of difference, or spread.
Standard Deviation A measurement of variability that describes an average distance of every score from the mean.
Correlation Coefficient This described the direction and strength of the relationship between two sets of variables.
Inferential Statistics Numerical methods used to determine whether research data support a hypothesis or whether results were due to chance.
Created by: tderue
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