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Research Methods
Vocabulary for Theme 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sample | The small group of participants, out of the total number of available, that a researcher studies. |
| Naturalistic Observation | Research method in which the psychologist observes the subject in a natural setting without interfering. |
| Case Study | Research method that involves an intensive investigation of one or more participants. |
| Survey | Research method in which information is obtained by asking many individuals a fixed set of questions. |
| Longitudinal Study | Research method in which data is collected about a group of participants over a number of years to assess how certain characteristics change or remain the same during development. |
| Cross-sectional Study | Research method in which data is collected from groups of participants of different ages and compared so that conclusions can be drawn about differences due to age. |
| Correlation | The measure of a relationship between two variables or sets of data. |
| Hypothesis | An educated inference about the relationship between two variables. |
| Variable | Any factor that is capable of change. |
| Experimental Group | The group to which an independent variable is applied. |
| Control Group | The group that is treated in the same way as the experimental group except that the experimental treatment [the independent variable] is not applied. |
| Self-fulfilling Prophecy | A situation in which a researcher's expectations influence that person's own behavior, and thereby influence the participants behavior. |
| SIngle-blind Experiment | An experiment in which the participants are unaware of which participants received the treatment. |
| Double-blind Experiment | An experiment in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know which participants received which treatment. |
| Placebo Effect | A change in a participant's illness or behavior that results from a belief that the treatment will have an effect, rather than the actual treatment. |
| Statistics | The branch of mathematics concerned with summarizing and making meaningful inferences from collections of data. |
| Descriptive Statistics | The listing and summarizing of data in a practical, efficient way. |
| Frequency Distribution | An arrangement of data that indicates how often a particular score or observation occurs. |
| Normal Curve | A graph of frequency distribution shaped like a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve; a graph of normal distribution. |
| Central Tendency | A number that describes something about the "average" score of a distribution. |
| Variance | A measure of difference, or spread. |
| Standard Deviation | A measurement of variability that describes an average distance of every score from the mean. |
| Correlation Coefficient | This described the direction and strength of the relationship between two sets of variables. |
| Inferential Statistics | Numerical methods used to determine whether research data support a hypothesis or whether results were due to chance. |
Created by:
tderue
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