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Human Body - Muscles
Types of contractions, muscles and movements
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| How many muscles in the human body? | Over 600 |
| Types of muscles | Skeletal, smooth & cardiac |
| What are skeletal muscles? | These muscles are attached to the skeleton, they are voluntary because they are consciously controlled eg. bicep, abdominals, deltoids |
| What are smooth muscles | These muscles re found in layers deep within the body. They are not attached to the skeleton and are not involved in movement. These muscles are involuntary. eg. intestine |
| Cardiac Muscle | This is the heart muscle. It is involuntary. It contracts and relaxes to push blood around the body |
| Why are skeletal muscles important? | Movement, regulation of body temperature & good posture |
| What is a tendon? | A piece of connective tissue that attaches skeletal muscles to bone. The tendon runs through the muscles, attaching the muscle to two different bones |
| What are the two arrangements of Skeletal Muscle Fibres? | Fusiform & Pennate |
| Characteristics of fusiform fibres | Fibres run parallel to the tendon. They have a wide range of movement but they are not very strong |
| Characteristics of Pennate Muscle Arrangements | Fibres run at angle to the tendon. They have a much better capacity to develop strength but they are not flexible. They can be uni-pennate, bi-pennate and multi-pennate |
| Define Isotonic Eccentric Contractions and give an example | Tension develops in the muscle and the muscle changes length. An eccentric contraction means the muscle becomes longer . Eg. downwards phase of a squat - looking at the quadriceps. |
| Define Isotonic Concentric Contraction and give an example | Tension develops in the muscle and the muscle changes length. A concentric contraction means the muscle becomes shorter. Eg. upwards phase of a bicep curl - looking at the bicep. |
| Define an Isokinetic Contraction and give an example | This type of contraction can only be performed when using weight machines in the gym. The muscle length changes but the resistance/weight stays the same |
| What is important to note about Isometric contractions? | They are not recommended for patients recovering from heart conditions as they place too much stress on the heart. |
| What are the characteristics of skeletal muscle | Elasticity, Excitability, Extensibility & Contractibility |
Created by:
alexcarlin
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