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02 - Matter (Ch. 2)
Introduction to Matter - Chapter 2 - Prentice Hall Science Explorer
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| matter | ________ is anything that has mass and takes up space. |
| chemistry | __________ is the study of the properties of matter and how matter changes. |
| substance | A ________ is a single kind of matter that is pure and has a specific set of physical and chemical properties. |
| physical property | Dissolvability, liquid, shiny, malleability, hardness, texture, color, freezing point. A ____ can be observed without changing a substance into another substance. |
| chemical property | combustibility, ability to tarnish, ability to react, rusting, new substance produced. A ____ describes the ability of a substance to change into different substance. |
| element | A ____ is made of atoms. A compound is made of molecules. _________ is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance by chemical or physical means. |
| atom | An atom is the basic particle of an element. Atoms have protons and neutrons in the nucleus, and electrons that go around the nucleus.. |
| chemical bond | A _____ is the force of attraction between two atoms formed by sharing electrons. |
| molecules | A ____ like H2O(water) is a particle formed when two or more atoms are held together by chemical bonds. |
| 100 | Now scientist know that all matter in the universe is made of slighlty more than 100 different substances called elements. |
| compound | A ______ is pure substance made of only one type molecule made of two or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio like H20 (water), NaCl (table salt), C6H12C6 (sugar) |
| chemical formula | A ______ shows the elements in the compound and the set ratio of atoms in the compound. H2O (water) NaCl (table salt), C6H12C6 (sugar), CO2 (carbon dioxide) |
| mixture | A ____ is two or more substances, compounds, or elements in the same place but are not chemically combined. |
| heterogeneous | The substances or different parts in a ____ mixture can be seen. blood, soil, salad, cereal, oil and vinegar salad dressing, mixed vegetables. |
| homogeneous | The substances in a _____ mixture are so evenly mixed that the different parts cannot be seen. air, salt water, sugar water. |
| solution | A ____ is an example of a homogeneous mixture. It does not have to be a liquid. It can be a solid. Brass is a ___ of the elements copper and zind. |
| electrolysis | The use of electricity to break a compound into elements or simpler compounds. Breaking water into hydrogen and oxygen. |
| weight | Your ____ is a measure of the force of gravity on you. You have less of this on the moon. |
| mass | The ____ of an object is the measurement of the amount of matter in the object. |
| kilogram | The ____ is the standard unit of mass. It is 1000 grams. |
| volume | The amount of space that matter occupies is called its _______. |
| density | ____ relates the mass of a material in a given substance. Often expressed as grams (g) in a given volume (cm3) or (mL). |
| mass, volume | You can determine the density of a sample of matter by dividing the _____ by its __________. |
| water | The density of __ at room temperature is 1 g/cm3 or 1 g/mL. |
| physical change | changes in state (freezing, boiling), change in form (breaking, malleability, ductile) -A ______ is any change that alters the way matter looks but does not change the substances in the matter into new substances. |
| change of state | a physical property of a substance changing between a solid, liquid, and a gas. |
| chemical change | combustion, electrolysis, oxidation, tarnishing - A change in matter that produces one or more new substances is a _____ change or ______ reaction. |
| rusting | slow chemical change of a metal substance bonding chemically with oxygen. |
| tarnishing | slow combination of a bright shiny metal (brass, silver) bonding with sulfur or another substance to produce a dark coating. |
| electrolysis | Use of electricity to break a compound like water (H2O) into the individual elements or simpler compounds. Water into hydrogen and oxygen. |
| combustion | The rapid combination of a fuel with oxygen to produce heat, light, and a new substance. Often involves gas, coal, or wood. |
| law of conservation of mass | 50 g of Iron (Fe) and 25g of sulfur (S) = 75 g of iron sulfide (FeS). The fact that matter can not be created, nor destroyed, just transformed into something else is called the law of ________. The type and number of atoms does not change! |
| energy | ____ is the ability to do work or cause change. Even bending a paper clip needs ___. |
| temperature | ____ is the measure of the average energy of random motion of particles of matter. _____ is related to the amount of thermal energy an object has. |
| thermal energy | Energy always from hot to cold. ____ is the total energy of all of the particles in an object. We experience this as air in the room as being hot or cold. |
| endothermic | Energy always goes from hot to cold. When an object takes energy in, this is an ____ change. Think of ice melting as it takes in energy (gets warm) |
| exothermic | Energy always goes from hot to cold. When an object releases energy to another object, this is an _____ change. Think of the room getting colder as the air releases energy that is taken in by an ice cube (or ice in a cup of coffee) |
| kinetic energy | The energy of matter in motion. Objects are faster closest to ground, the higher the roller coaster goes, the slower it becomes and the more potential energy it has. |
| potential energy | _____ energy is the energy an object has because of its position. The roller coaster at the top of the hill is full of _____ energy and has none at the very bottom. A stretched rubber band has lots of _____ energy. So does a ball held over my head. Now drop it and it transforms to kinetic energy. |
| chemical energy | The internal energy stored in the chemical bonds between atoms is a from of potential energy that is sometimes called ______. |
| electromagnetic energy | Visible light is one example of ___, this form of energy is the only form that does not require matter and can travel through outer space where there is no matter. |
| electrical energy | The energy of electrically charged particles (electrons) moving from one place to another. Electrons move from one atom to another in many chemical changes. |
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