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Ch 15 Energy
Question | Answer |
---|---|
In Science, this is defined as “when a force moves an object a distance.” | Work |
The ability to do work or cause changes in matter | Energy |
The SI unit for Work and energy | Joule |
One of the two main types of energy: energy that is stored; | Potential Energy |
One of the two main types of energy: the energy of motion | Kinetic Energy |
When a book is dropped, it has this kind of energy. | Kinetic Energy and mechanical energy |
A stretched rubber band is an example of this type of potential energy. | Elastic Potential Energy |
The fuel used by a rocket stores energy as this. (All food and fuels store this type of potential energy.) | Chemical Potential Energy |
An object held up above the surface of the ground has this type of potential energy. | Gravitational Potential Energy (the energy of position or height of an object above the earth's surface.) |
The higher an object is above the ground... | The more gravitational potential energy the object has. |
Once used, these type of resources can be easily replaced. | Renewable Resources |
Water, wind, and sunlight are examples of this type of resource. | Renewable Resources |
Once used, these resources cannot be easily replaced. Uranium is one example of these. So is coal and oil. | Nonrenewable Resources |
Petroleum, natural gas, and coal are all this: | Fossil Fuels (Nonrenewable Resources) |
How are fossil fuels produced? | Fossil Fuels are created from decayed materials from plants and animals acted on by heat and pressure over many millions of years. |
A new fuel made from renewable organic material from plants or animals | Biomass Fuels |
Electricity produced by combining Hydrogen and Oxygen gases with water as the only byproduct | Hydrogen Fuel Cells |
Electricity produced when falling or running water turns a generator. | Hydropower or Hydroelectricity |
What is a disadvantage of using hydroelectric power? | Hydroelectricity can disturb natural ecosystems, because dams often flood land , change water flow, and can affect fish populations. They are also expensive to build |
Thermal energy from the ground (often in areas where there is volcanic activity near the surface)) harnessed for electricity or heat. | Geothermal |
Electricity produced when wind turns a propeller which then turns a generator. | Wind power |
What are the advantages of using wind power? | Wind power is clean, inexpensive, renewable, and available and almost everywhere. |
What are the disadvantages of using wind power? | The wind must be blowing. Large wind farms produce noise, are not pleasing to look at, and may have ecological effects on birds and bats. |
Electricity generated by sunlight hitting a photovoltaic cell | Solar power |
The form of energy caused by motion of mechanical parts (like windmills and buses) | Mechanical Energy |
The form of energy due to the movement of electrically charged particles | Electrical Energy |
The form of energy related to the movement of atoms that make up matter (more is produced as the atoms move faster) | Heat or Thermal Energy |
This form of energy is in the form of electromagnetic radiation (light waves, x-rays, radio waves, gamma waves...) | Radiant or Energy |
The form of energy that comes from the fusion or fission of the center of an atom (nucleus) | Nuclear Energy |
What is the fuel most often used for nuclear energy? | Uranium |
The form of energy created by movement of air molecules caused by vibration (loudspeakers produce this) | Sound Energy |
The form of energy stored in the bonds of molecules in food and fuels (like gasoline) | Chemical Energy |
The formula for kinetic energy | KE = 1/2 m x v2 or KE = (mvv)/2 |
The formula for gravitational potential energy | GPE = m x g x h Remember g=9.8 m/s2 |
According to the law of conservation of energy, what is true about the total amount of energy in the universe? | The total amount of energy in the universe remains CONSTANT. |
What does the Law of Conservation of energy state? | Energy may change from one form to another, but the total amount of energy in the Universe never changes. |
What gas produced by burning fossil fuels is thought to lead to global warming? | Carbon dioxide |
What is the biggest problem with our continued use of fossil fuels? | Fossil fuels are a nonrenewable resource. We will eventually run out of them |
The form of energy due to the attraction between two objects due to their masses and distance apart. | Gravitational energy |
The form of energy due to the attraction of objects made of iron, nickel, or cobalt. | Magnetic energy |
Almost all energy on earth comes from this source. | The Sun |
E=mc2 | Einsteins law that says energy and mass can be converted into each other. E is energy, m is mass, and c2 is the speed of light squared |
Sierra serves a volleyball with a mass of 2 kg. The ball leaves her hand with a speed of 30 m/s. What is the kinetic energy of the ball? | 900 J |
The potential energy of an apple is 6 J. It is sitting on a shelf that is 3 m high. What is the mass of the apple? | .20kg |
In a pendulum swing, where is there the greatest kinetic energy? | at the bottom of the swing when it is going the fastest |
In a pendulum swing, where is there the greatest potential energy | at the top of the swing where it is the highest |