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science chapter 5
atoms and bonding
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| valence electrons | the electrons that are in the highest energy level of a atom and that are involved in chemical reactions |
| electron dot diagram | a method of writing the chemical symbol of an element by surrounding it with dots to indicate the number of valence electrons |
| chemical bond | a lasting attraction between atoms, ions or molecules that enables the formation of chemical compounds |
| ion | an atom or molecule that has a non-zero net electrical charge |
| polyatomic ions | a charged chemical species composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded or of a metal complex that can be considered to be acting as a single unit. |
| ionic bond | a type of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, and is the primary interaction occurring in ionic compounds |
| ionic compound | an ionic compound is a chemical compound composed of ions held together by electrostatic forces termed ionic bonding |
| chemical formula | a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound or molecule |
| subscript | a character (number, letter or symbol) that is (respectively) set slightly below or above the normal line of type |
| crystal | a solid material whose constituents (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure |
| covalent bonds | a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. |
| molecule | an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. |
| double bond | a chemical bond between two chemical elements involving four bonding electrons instead of the usual two |
| triple bond | a chemical bond between two atoms involving six bonding electrons instead of the usual two in a covalent single bond |
| molecular compound | a compound that is composed of molecules |
| polar bond | In a molecule of hydrogen fluoride |
| nonpolar bond | a covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally |
| alloy | a mixture of two or more elements; one of which is metal |
| metallic bond | a attraction between a positive metal ion and electrons surrounding it |
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