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17 EM Spectrum(Ch17)
Electromagnetic Spectrum - Ch. 17 Prentice Hall Science Explorer
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| electromagnetic wave | transverse waves that transfer electrical and magnetic energy |
| electromagnetic radiation | the energy transferred through space by electromagnetic waves |
| electromagnetic spectrum | the complete range of electromagnetic waves placed in order of increasing frequency |
| radio waves | electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies |
| microwaves | radio waves with the shortest wavelengths and the highest frequencies |
| radar | a system that uses reflected radio waves to detect objects and measure their distance and speed |
| infrared waves | electromagnetic waves with wavelengths shorter than radio waves, but longer than visible light |
| thermogram | an image that shows regions of different temperatures in different colors |
| visible light | electromagnetic waves that are visible to the human eyes |
| ultraviolet rays | electromagnetic waves with wavelengths shorter than visible light, but longer than X-rays |
| X-rays | electromagnetic waves with wavelengths shorter than ultraviolet rays, but longer than gamma rays |
| gamma rays | electromagnetic waves with the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies |
| altitude | With four global positioning satellites (GPS) you can find your location and your_ on the Earth's surface. |
| AM | stands for a method of transmitting signals by changing the amplitude of a wave. |
| amplitude | The maximum distance that the particles of a medium move away from their rest position as the wave energy passes through. |
| basic properties | The four ___ of waves are amplitude, wavelength, speed, and frequency |
| charged particles | Electromagnetic waves are produced by _ and the electric field surrounding it which produces electric forces. |
| constructive | The interference that occurs when two waves meet and for a moment they make a wave with a higher crest and lower trough is called interference. |
| crest | The highest point of a transverse wave. Light is brighter here. |
| destructive | The interference that occurs when two waves meet and the crest of one meets the trough of the other produce a wave with a lower crest, is called interference. Light is dimmer. |
| diffraction | When a wave moves around a barrier or through the opening in a barrier, it bends or spreads out. Like light under a door. Shh the teacher is coming. |
| electromagnetic waves | __ are waves that do not need a medium to transfer energy and they can travel through empty outer space. |
| FM | ___ stands for a method of transmitting signals by changing the frequency (number of steps) of a wave which also changes the wavelength (size of step). |
| frequency | The speed of all EM waves is the same, so if the size of the step (wavelength) is small, the ____ or number of waves must increase to keep up with waves of longer steps |
| height | The point from the trough to the crest of the wave is called the ___ (not amplitude). |
| illuminated | An object that you see because it reflects light. Moon |
| luminous | An object you see because it gives off its own light. Sun, light bulb. |
| medium | This is not needed in electromagnetic waves. It is needed in mechanical waves. It is the material mechanical waves travel through called a ___, it contains matter. |
| microwaves | ___ are actually a part of the radio waves and are used for cell phones and cooking. |
| perpendicular | Electromagnetic waves are really an electric field and a magnetic field moving at right angles or ____ to each other. |
| photoelectric | The____ effect can be explained by thinking of light as a stream of tiny packets of energy called photons which can cause an electron to be knocked out of a substance. |
| photons | The packets of energy sent out by electromagnetic waves. Food electrons eat or throw up. |
| polarized | The light that passes through or vibrates in only one direction is called ___ light. |
| reflection | When an wave hits a surface and some or all of the wave bounces back, the interaction with the surface is called ____. |
| refraction | When a wave enters a new medium (air to water, air to glass) AT AN ANGLE, one side of the wave changes speed before the other side causing the wave to bend. This is called ___. |
| rest position | The position of matter when energy is not traveling through it as a wave. Quiet still lake. |
| speed | The ___ of EM waves is the same as the _ of light for all EM waves traveling in a vacuum of outer space. |
| T T Transverse | There are two types of mechanical waves._ means "across" and these waves move up-and-down while the energy of the wave moves across. |
| trough | The lowest point of a transverse wave. |
| vacuum | An area like outer space where there is no matter or medium so only EM waves can take energy through here |
| wave | A ___ is a disturbance that transfers energy from place to place. |
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