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Chapter 6
Human Development: Physical, Cognitive, Language
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Developmental Psychologists | study the physical, cognitive, and social changes that people experience throughout their lives |
| Age changes | track how individuals change as they age |
| Age differences | consider how people of varying ages differ from one another |
| Normative investigations | consist of research conducted in order to estbalish norms |
| Chronological age | is the amount of time that has passed since a person was born |
| Developmental age | is the point at which someone falls among developmental stages; not necessarily related to chronological age |
| Cross-sectional studies | collect data from different individuals at different ages in order to track age differences |
| Motor development | emergent ability to execute physical actions |
| Cephalocaudal rule | the tendency for motor skills to emerge in sequence from top to bottom |
| Proximodistal rule | the tendency for motor skills to emerge in sequence from inside to outside |
| Adolescene | the period of transition from childhood to adulthood |
| Puberty | the period in which a person's body goes through the changes that will allow reproduction |
| Primary sex characteristics | sexual organ present at birth and directly involved in human reproduction |
| Secondary sex characteristics | sexual organs and traits that develop at puberty and are not directly involved in reproduction |
| Menarche | refers to a girl's first menstruation |
| Spermache | refers to a boy's first ejaculation |
| Menopause | the end of the menstrual cycle and ability to bear children |
| Andropause | graudual sex changes in men as they age (decline in sperm, testosterone, speed of erection and ejaculation) |
| Motor development | emergent ability to execute physical actions |
| Cephalocaudal rule | the tendency for motor skills to emerge in sequence from top to bottom |
| Proximodistal rule | the tendency for motor skills to emerge in sequence from inside to outside |
| Adolescene | the period of transition from childhood to adulthood |
| Puberty | the period in which a person's body goes through the changes that will allow reproduction |
| Primary sex characteristics | sexual organ present at birth and directly involved in human reproduction |
| Secondary sex characteristics | sexual organs and traits that develop at puberty and are not directly involved in reproduction |
| Menarche | refers to a girl's first menstruation |
| Spermache | refers to a boy's first ejaculation |
| Menopause | the end of the menstrual cycle and ability to bear children |
| Andropause | graudual sex changes in men as they age (decline in sperm, testosterone, speed of erection and ejaculation) |
| Motor development | emergent ability to execute physical actions |
| Cephalocaudal rule | the tendency for motor skills to emerge in sequence from top to bottom |
| Proximodistal rule | the tendency for motor skills to emerge in sequence from inside to outside |
| Adolescene | the period of transition from childhood to adulthood |
| Puberty | the period in which a person's body goes through the changes that will allow reproduction |
| Primary sex characteristics | sexual organ present at birth and directly involved in human reproduction |
| Secondary sex characteristics | sexual organs and traits that develop at puberty and are not directly involved in reproduction |
| Menarche | refers to a girl's first menstruation |
| Spermache | refers to a boy's first ejaculation |
| Menopause | the end of the menstrual cycle and ability to bear children |
| Andropause | graudual sex changes in men as they age (decline in sperm, testosterone, speed of erection and ejaculation) |
| Cognition | consists of mental activites associated with sensation, perception, thinking, knowing, rememebering, and communicating |
| Habituation | describes decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated exposure to that stimulus |
| Schemas | concepts or frameworks around which people organize and interpret information |
| Assimilation | process in which a person interprets new ecperiences in terms of existing schemas |
| Accomodation | process in which a person adjusts and refines their schemas based on new information |
| Zone of proximal development | the difference between what a child can do alone and what a child can do together with a more competent person |
| Joint visual attention | behavior in which a baby looks at an adult's eyes, follows the adult's gaze, and then directs it's own gaze toward whatever the adult is looing at |
| Reason | the skill of organizing information and beliefs into a series of steps leading to a conclusion |
| Prospective memory | remembering to perform a specific action |
| Cohorts | groups of people raised during the same time period |
| Morphemes | the smallest meaningful units of language that represent the objects, events, ideas, characteristics, and relationships in that language's vocabulary |
| Phonemes | elementary vowel and consonant sounds that combine to form morphemes |
| Phonology | how phonemes may be arranged to produce morphemes |
| Morphology | how morpheme may be arranged to produce phrases and sentences |
| Syntax | how words may be arranged to produce phrases and sentences |
| Overextended | the relatively broad use of common nouns |
| Underextended | the relatively narrow use of common nouns |
| Content words | words that have meaning |
| Grammatical words | words that provide structure |
| Language acquisition device (LAD) | a theoretical mechanism that provides children with an inherent foundation for the principles of universal grammar |
| Language acquistion support system (LASS) | social environment into which a baby is born |
Created by:
adaisy
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