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Pharmacology QMA
Study Set for QMA class
| Class | Prefix-Suffix |
|---|---|
| Tetracycline | cycline examples: doxycycline, minocycline Precautions: dental problems (enamel discoloration)-fetus or before 8 yrs cannot be given with milk products/wait at least 1 to 2 hrs |
| Sources | Plants-any part Animals Minerals Synthetic-man made Semi-synthetic-combination which can be a combo of man made and plants, animals or minerals |
| Plants | any part can be used roots, leaves, seeds, oils and blooms Examples: digitalis, opium |
| Animals | blood, urine, hormones, venom Examples: cortisone, insulin, thyroid |
| Minerals from the earth | iron, magnesium |
| Synthetic man made | aspirin, acetaminophen |
| Semi-synthetic-combination | tylox ( acetaminophen and opium) |
| Psychoactive Meds | Anxiolytics (Antianxiety) Antipsychotics (Neuro;eptics) |
| Anxiolytics (Antianxiety) Set 1 Benzodiazepenes Scheduled drugs | Valium (diazepam) Ativan ( lorazepam) Xanax ( alprazolam) |
| Anxiolytics (Antianxiety) Set 2 Benzodaizepenes Non-scheduled | Librium ( chlorodiazepoxide) Atarax, Vistaril (hydroxyzine) Buspar (buspirone hydrochloride) |
| Antipsychotics (Neuroleptics) Set 1 | Mellaril ( thioridazine HCL) Zyprexa (olanzapine) Loxitane (loxapine) Geodon ( ziprasidone) **LONG TERM USE CAUSES TARDIVE DYSKINESIA** |
| Antipsychotics (Neuroleptics) Set 2 | Seroquel (quetiapine) Trilafon (perphenazine) Prolixin ( fluphenazine) Stelazine (trifluoperazine) Navane (thiothixene) **LONG TERM CAUSES TARDIVE DYSKINESIA** |
| Antipsychotics (Neuroleptics) Set 3 | Haldol ( haloperidol)- Controlled Substance Thorazine ( chlorpromazine)-Controlled Substance Risperdal ( risperidone)-Controlled Substance Abilify (apripiprazole)-Controlled Substance **LONG TERM USE CAUSES TARDIVE DYSKINESIA*** |
| Manic Depressive Order Meds (BIPOLAR) | Lithonate, Lithotabs (lithium) Depakote (divalproex sodium) - Anticonvulsant but often ordered by psychiatrist for bipolar tx |
| Antidepressants (TRICYCLIC) Set 1 | Elavil (amitriptyline) Pamelor, Aventyl (nortrptyline hydrochloride) Paxil (paroxetine hydrochloride) |
| Antidepressants (TRICYCLIC) Set 2 | Zoloft (sertraline hydrochloride) Prozac (fluoxetine hydrochloride) Lexapro ( escitalopram) |
| Antidepressants ( MONAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS-MAOI) | Nardil (phenalzine sulfate) Parnate (tranylcypromine) |
| Antacids Neutralizes stomach acid Decreases rate of gastric emptying treats hyperacidity | calcium salts--potential contipation aluminum salts--usually constipating magnesium salts--usually diarrhea combo of magnesium and aluminum semethacone |
| Antacids (CALCIUM SALTS) | TUMS |
| Antacids (ALUMINUM SATS) | Amphojel Rolaids |
| Antacids (MAGNESIUM SALTS) | Milk of Mag Alternagel |
| Antacids (COMBO OF MAGNESIUM AND ALUMINUM SALTS) | Maalox Mylanta Gelusil **RIOPAN**--used to balance out the constipating laxative effect |
| Antacids (simetecone) Antiflatulance agent | Mylicon-decreases gas formation often added tp antacids preventative med |
| Antiulcer Set 1 Prevents the release of gastric acid Tx or prevent stomach/duodenal ulcers | Pepcid (famotidine) Axid (nizatidine) Zantac (ranitidine) |
| Antiulcer Set 2 | Tagamet (cimetidine) Cytotec (misoprostol) Protonix (pantoprazole sodium) |
| Antacids Set 3 BEFORE MEALS | Prilosec (omeprazole) Carafate (sucralfate)----dissolve in H20 Prevacid (lasnsoprazole) Nexium (esomeprazole magnesium)---adheres to the ulcerated area |
| Antiemectics Tx Nausea/Prevent Vomiting Acts on the brain control center Drowsiness | Dramamine (dimenhydrinate) ***Monitor B/P Tigan (trimethobenzamide) ***Hypotension Antivert (meclizine) Phenergan ( promethazine hydrochloride) Compazine) (prochlorperazine) |
| Emetics TX Ingested Poison Induce vomiting (20-30 min)/Acts on brain control center | Syrup of Ipecac ***Induces vomiting after ***20-30 min after admin |
| Antidiarrheals Absorbs excess fluids/Bacteria TX Diarrhea | kaolin ***Monitor for constipation Pepto-Bismmol (bismuth) Apples (pectin) Kaopectate (kaolin and pectin) |
| Opiates ( slows instestinal motility) TX Diarrhea Reduce peristalsis Action on CNS---Diminishes secretions | Paregoric (opiates) |
| Gastrointestinal Meds (Alter Motility) TX Spastic Colon, Diarrhea GERD Acts on ANS---Alter Persistalsis | Blurred Vision Dry Mouth Heart Palpitations Urine Retention Constipation |
| Gastrointestinal Meds (Alter Motility) TX Spastic Colon, Diarrhea GERD Acts on ANS---Alter Persistalsis | Lomotil (diphenoxylate/atropine) Atropine atropine sulfate |
| Gastrointestinal Meds (Alter Motility) TX Spastic Colon, Diarrhea GERD Acts on ANS---Alter Persistalsis | Donnatal (phenobarbital) scopolamine kaolin |
| Gastrointestinal Meds (Alter Motility) TX Spastic Colon, Diarrhea GERD Acts on ANS---Alter Persistalsis | Immodium (loperamide) Bentyl (dicyclomine) Apples (pectin) |
| Laxatives-Cathartics Stimulates Intestinal Peristalsis ***Suppositories act faster ***Monitor for diarrhea | Abdominal cramping Nausea Diarrhea |
| GI MEDs----Enhance Intestinal Motility | Reglan (metoclopramide) ***Give before meals rather than with food ***Monitor V/S & UO |
| Saline Laxatives---Pulls fluids into the Lg Intestine Acts within 8 hours | Milk of Mag---Shake SUSPENSION well **Monitor for good fluid intake after admin ***Diarrhea/Cramping |
| Lubricant Laxatives---Increases H2O retention in stools --- Stimulating evacuation **May interfere with ABSORPTION OF VITAMINS **NOT LONG TERM/WITH MEALS **Abdominal cramping | Mineral Oil---Admin empty stomach --- 2-6 hours --- Give with fruit juice ( desguises taste) Haley's MO Glycerin Suppository--- Retained for at least 15 min (best results) |
| Laxatives---Stool Softener--- 1-3 days to soften Moisten Fecal Matter **Promote regular bowl evacuation **Mild Abdominal Cramping--Diarrhea | Surfak ( docusate calcium) Colace (docusate sodium) Fiber Con (calcium polycarbophil) ***Notify NURSE of diarrhea**** |
| Laxatives--INCREASE BULK Absorbs H2O expands to INCREASE BULK/MOISTURE content of STOOL SUGAR FREE FROMULA--DIABETICs **Admin with 8oz pleasant tasting liquid **12hrs to 3 days ** Encourage additional fluids | N/ V Diarrhea---excessive use Obstuction--esophageal, gastric, small intestine, and rectal |
| LAXATIVES--INCREASE BULK | Metamucil (psyllium) Citrucel (methylcellulose) |
| Lactulose--Uses as laxative **TX Liver Disease **Pulls liquids into the small intestine=distention=peristalsis **Store at RM TEMP **JUICE/ FOOD | Chronulac Enulose **Abdominal cramping, Diarrhea, Flatulance** |
| ENEMAS---Hypertonic--Draw fluid into the bowel **Prepackaged/Disposable** **DO NOT USE WHEN DWHYDRATED** | Fleets Enema ( sodium phosphates) **IF large hemorrhoids/anal excoriation, notify nurse |
| Residents are protected form health care malpractice and negligence by the _____________ law | Duty of Care Law |
| Delusions | |
| Pruitis | |
| Antacid is used to tx ____________ Antiulcer is used to TX___________ | Neutralization of gastric acid to settle stomach ad lib Used daily to control the gastric acid |
| Cardiotonic- | |
| Amioderone | Stay out of the sun Grayish/Bluish skin |
Created by:
sstaggs82
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