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Pharmacology QMA

Study Set for QMA class

ClassPrefix-Suffix
Tetracycline cycline examples: doxycycline, minocycline Precautions: dental problems (enamel discoloration)-fetus or before 8 yrs cannot be given with milk products/wait at least 1 to 2 hrs
Sources Plants-any part Animals Minerals Synthetic-man made Semi-synthetic-combination which can be a combo of man made and plants, animals or minerals
Plants any part can be used roots, leaves, seeds, oils and blooms Examples: digitalis, opium
Animals blood, urine, hormones, venom Examples: cortisone, insulin, thyroid
Minerals from the earth iron, magnesium
Synthetic man made aspirin, acetaminophen
Semi-synthetic-combination tylox ( acetaminophen and opium)
Psychoactive Meds Anxiolytics (Antianxiety) Antipsychotics (Neuro;eptics)
Anxiolytics (Antianxiety) Set 1 Benzodiazepenes Scheduled drugs Valium (diazepam) Ativan ( lorazepam) Xanax ( alprazolam)
Anxiolytics (Antianxiety) Set 2 Benzodaizepenes Non-scheduled Librium ( chlorodiazepoxide) Atarax, Vistaril (hydroxyzine) Buspar (buspirone hydrochloride)
Antipsychotics (Neuroleptics) Set 1 Mellaril ( thioridazine HCL) Zyprexa (olanzapine) Loxitane (loxapine) Geodon ( ziprasidone) **LONG TERM USE CAUSES TARDIVE DYSKINESIA**
Antipsychotics (Neuroleptics) Set 2 Seroquel (quetiapine) Trilafon (perphenazine) Prolixin ( fluphenazine) Stelazine (trifluoperazine) Navane (thiothixene) **LONG TERM CAUSES TARDIVE DYSKINESIA**
Antipsychotics (Neuroleptics) Set 3 Haldol ( haloperidol)- Controlled Substance Thorazine ( chlorpromazine)-Controlled Substance Risperdal ( risperidone)-Controlled Substance Abilify (apripiprazole)-Controlled Substance **LONG TERM USE CAUSES TARDIVE DYSKINESIA***
Manic Depressive Order Meds (BIPOLAR) Lithonate, Lithotabs (lithium) Depakote (divalproex sodium) - Anticonvulsant but often ordered by psychiatrist for bipolar tx
Antidepressants (TRICYCLIC) Set 1 Elavil (amitriptyline) Pamelor, Aventyl (nortrptyline hydrochloride) Paxil (paroxetine hydrochloride)
Antidepressants (TRICYCLIC) Set 2 Zoloft (sertraline hydrochloride) Prozac (fluoxetine hydrochloride) Lexapro ( escitalopram)
Antidepressants ( MONAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS-MAOI) Nardil (phenalzine sulfate) Parnate (tranylcypromine)
Antacids Neutralizes stomach acid Decreases rate of gastric emptying treats hyperacidity calcium salts--potential contipation aluminum salts--usually constipating magnesium salts--usually diarrhea combo of magnesium and aluminum semethacone
Antacids (CALCIUM SALTS) TUMS
Antacids (ALUMINUM SATS) Amphojel Rolaids
Antacids (MAGNESIUM SALTS) Milk of Mag Alternagel
Antacids (COMBO OF MAGNESIUM AND ALUMINUM SALTS) Maalox Mylanta Gelusil **RIOPAN**--used to balance out the constipating laxative effect
Antacids (simetecone) Antiflatulance agent Mylicon-decreases gas formation often added tp antacids preventative med
Antiulcer Set 1 Prevents the release of gastric acid Tx or prevent stomach/duodenal ulcers Pepcid (famotidine) Axid (nizatidine) Zantac (ranitidine)
Antiulcer Set 2 Tagamet (cimetidine) Cytotec (misoprostol) Protonix (pantoprazole sodium)
Antacids Set 3 BEFORE MEALS Prilosec (omeprazole) Carafate (sucralfate)----dissolve in H20 Prevacid (lasnsoprazole) Nexium (esomeprazole magnesium)---adheres to the ulcerated area
Antiemectics Tx Nausea/Prevent Vomiting Acts on the brain control center Drowsiness Dramamine (dimenhydrinate) ***Monitor B/P Tigan (trimethobenzamide) ***Hypotension Antivert (meclizine) Phenergan ( promethazine hydrochloride) Compazine) (prochlorperazine)
Emetics TX Ingested Poison Induce vomiting (20-30 min)/Acts on brain control center Syrup of Ipecac ***Induces vomiting after ***20-30 min after admin
Antidiarrheals Absorbs excess fluids/Bacteria TX Diarrhea kaolin ***Monitor for constipation Pepto-Bismmol (bismuth) Apples (pectin) Kaopectate (kaolin and pectin)
Opiates ( slows instestinal motility) TX Diarrhea Reduce peristalsis Action on CNS---Diminishes secretions Paregoric (opiates)
Gastrointestinal Meds (Alter Motility) TX Spastic Colon, Diarrhea GERD Acts on ANS---Alter Persistalsis Blurred Vision Dry Mouth Heart Palpitations Urine Retention Constipation
Gastrointestinal Meds (Alter Motility) TX Spastic Colon, Diarrhea GERD Acts on ANS---Alter Persistalsis Lomotil (diphenoxylate/atropine) Atropine atropine sulfate
Gastrointestinal Meds (Alter Motility) TX Spastic Colon, Diarrhea GERD Acts on ANS---Alter Persistalsis Donnatal (phenobarbital) scopolamine kaolin
Gastrointestinal Meds (Alter Motility) TX Spastic Colon, Diarrhea GERD Acts on ANS---Alter Persistalsis Immodium (loperamide) Bentyl (dicyclomine) Apples (pectin)
Laxatives-Cathartics Stimulates Intestinal Peristalsis ***Suppositories act faster ***Monitor for diarrhea Abdominal cramping Nausea Diarrhea
GI MEDs----Enhance Intestinal Motility Reglan (metoclopramide) ***Give before meals rather than with food ***Monitor V/S & UO
Saline Laxatives---Pulls fluids into the Lg Intestine Acts within 8 hours Milk of Mag---Shake SUSPENSION well **Monitor for good fluid intake after admin ***Diarrhea/Cramping
Lubricant Laxatives---Increases H2O retention in stools --- Stimulating evacuation **May interfere with ABSORPTION OF VITAMINS **NOT LONG TERM/WITH MEALS **Abdominal cramping Mineral Oil---Admin empty stomach --- 2-6 hours --- Give with fruit juice ( desguises taste) Haley's MO Glycerin Suppository--- Retained for at least 15 min (best results)
Laxatives---Stool Softener--- 1-3 days to soften Moisten Fecal Matter **Promote regular bowl evacuation **Mild Abdominal Cramping--Diarrhea Surfak ( docusate calcium) Colace (docusate sodium) Fiber Con (calcium polycarbophil) ***Notify NURSE of diarrhea****
Laxatives--INCREASE BULK Absorbs H2O expands to INCREASE BULK/MOISTURE content of STOOL SUGAR FREE FROMULA--DIABETICs **Admin with 8oz pleasant tasting liquid **12hrs to 3 days ** Encourage additional fluids N/ V Diarrhea---excessive use Obstuction--esophageal, gastric, small intestine, and rectal
LAXATIVES--INCREASE BULK Metamucil (psyllium) Citrucel (methylcellulose)
Lactulose--Uses as laxative **TX Liver Disease **Pulls liquids into the small intestine=distention=peristalsis **Store at RM TEMP **JUICE/ FOOD Chronulac Enulose **Abdominal cramping, Diarrhea, Flatulance**
ENEMAS---Hypertonic--Draw fluid into the bowel **Prepackaged/Disposable** **DO NOT USE WHEN DWHYDRATED** Fleets Enema ( sodium phosphates) **IF large hemorrhoids/anal excoriation, notify nurse
Residents are protected form health care malpractice and negligence by the _____________ law Duty of Care Law
Delusions
Pruitis
Antacid is used to tx ____________ Antiulcer is used to TX___________ Neutralization of gastric acid to settle stomach ad lib Used daily to control the gastric acid
Cardiotonic-
Amioderone Stay out of the sun Grayish/Bluish skin
Created by: sstaggs82
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