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Psychology
Structure Function of Brain & Neuron Structure & Function
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| CNS | Brain & Spinal Cord |
| Spinal Cord | Transfer messages to and from brain to PNS |
| Function of PNS | Sends messages to whole body from brain &vice versa |
| 2 Divisions of PNS | Somatic Nervous System & Autonomic System |
| Somatic Nervous System | Transmits and receives messages from senses |
| What does the SNS consist of? | Sensory & Motor Neurons |
| Autonomic Nervous System | Transmit and receives messages from organs |
| What is the ANS divided into? | Sympathetic & Parasympathetic |
| Sympathetic | Increases Activity |
| Parasympathetic | Decreases Activity |
| 1st stage of Fight or Flight | Hypothalamus recognises a threat, sends message to adrenal gland |
| 2nd Stage of Flight or Fight | Adrenal Medulla sends adrenaline to endocrine & Nordrenaline to Brain |
| Examples of changes in Fight or Flight | Heart Rate increase Pupil dilation Muscular tension Faster breathing |
| James-Lange suggested | Emotional experience is result not cause |
| James-Lange example | We see bear, we frightened & we run., however we frightened because we run |
| Sensory Neurons | Informs body about internal & external environment by giving info from senses |
| Hebb's Learning theory | When 1 Neuron sends signal to 1, the 2nd gets activated, & connection is strengthened |
| Hebbian Learning | Every new experience brain rewires it's physical structure |
| Hebbian Learning occurs through what? | Long Term Potentiation |
| LTP | Results in lasting changes in sympathetic connections |
| Changes in connections | Responsible for Learning & Memory |
| Synaptic Transmission Definition | Messages sent from Neuron to Neuron |
| Synapse | Specialised gap between Neurons |
| Synaptic Transmission Stage 1 | Electrical impulse travels down Neuron, prompting release of Neurotransmitters to Pre Synaptic terminal |
| Synaptic Transmission Stage 2 | Neurotransmitters released to synaptic fluid in synapse |
| 'Examples of Neurotransmitters | Serotonin & Dopamine |
| Synaptic Transmission Stage 3 | Adjacent Neuron quickly takes Neurotransmitter from fluid and converts to electrical impulse to next Neuron |
| Excitatory Potentials | More likely to fire (Post Synaptic Fire) |
| Inhibitory Potentials | Less likely to fire (Stop at Post Synaptic neuron |