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Intro to Sociology
Key Terms from online Text on Sociology for Mr. Sal's Class
| Definition | Term |
|---|---|
| A group of people who share certain commonalities such as geographic area, common culture, or interactions | Society |
| Small group and individual interactions | Micro-Level |
| Large groups and entire societies | Macro-Level |
| Shared practices, values, and beliefs of a group | Culture |
| An awareness of the relationship between a person’s behavior and experience and the wider culture that shaped the person’s choices and perceptions | Sociological Imagination |
| The mistake of treating abstract concepts as concrete ones | Reification |
| Rules that govern the social life of a group | Social Facts |
| The consequences of a social process that are sought or anticipated | Manifest Functions |
| The unsought consequences of a social process | Latent Functions |
| Social processes that create unacceptable outcomes | Dysfunctions |
| Analyzing the behaviors of individuals and the society as a whole | Figuration |
| The way to explain different social aspects of interactions | Theory |
| A testable proposition about social interactions | Hypothesis |
| Social ties within a group | Social Solidarity |
| All parts of a society work to maintain stability | Dynamic Equilibrium |
| Attempts to explain large-scale relationships and answer fundamental questions such as why societies form and why they change | Grand Theories |
| The theoretical framework of disciplines that support the discipline | Paradigms |
| Views society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of the individuals in that society | Functionalism |
| The patterns of beliefs and behaviors focused on meeting social needs of a group or society | Social Institutions |
| A theory that focuses on the relationships among individuals within a society | Symbolic Interactionism |
| The exchange of meaning through language and symbols | Communication |
| Theory that society as a competition for limited resources | Conflict Theory |
| The study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance | dramaturgical analysis |
| Theory which proposes that reality is what humans cognitively construct it to be | Constructivism |
| The knowledge and education that can be applied in a variety of settings and whose skills will contribute to various tasks | Transferable Skills |
| This man is considered the father of modern Sociology | Auguste Comte |
| This Sociologist of the 1800’s is also credited with the first systematic methodological international comparisons of social institutions | Harriet Martineau |
| This Sociologist emphasized the struggle between social classes | Karl Marx |
| This Sociologist helped establish sociology as a formal academic discipline by establishing the first European department of sociology at the University of Bordeaux in 1895 and by publishing his Rules of the Sociological Method in 1895 | Émile Durkheim |
| This Sociologist was a philosopher and sociologist whose work focused on the ways in which the mind and the self were developed as a result of social processes | George Herbert Mead |
| This Sociologist believed that it was difficult, if not impossible, to use standard scientific methods to accurately predict the behavior of groups as people hoped to do | Max Weber |
| This Sociologist was an impressive scholar, skilled civil rights activist, prolific social scientist, and the first African American to graduate from Harvard University with a doctorate | W E B Du Bois |
| The systematic study of society and social interaction | Sociology |
| The view that social researchers should strive for subjectivity as they worked to represent social processes, cultural norms, and societal values | Antipositivism |
| The organized and generalized attitude of a social group | Generalized Others |
| The scientific study of social patterns | positivism |
| The in-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data | qualitative Sociology |
| Statistical methods such as surveys with large numbers of participants | Quantitative Sociology |
| Specific individuals that impact a person's life | Significant Others |
| A German word that means to understand in a deep way | Verstehen |
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dsalvucci
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