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Waves
Basic wave terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Wave | Travelling energy |
| Mechanical wave | A wave that needs material to carry it |
| EM wave | A wave that needs nothing to carry it |
| Transverse wave | A wave that disturbs material at right angles to the wave's direction |
| Compressional (longitudinal) | A wave that disturbs material in line with the wave's direction |
| Seismic wave | A wave caused by plate tectonics |
| Doppler effect | The apparent change in the frequency of a wave caused by relative motion between the source of the wave and the observer |
| Reflection | The bouncing of a wave |
| Refraction | The bending of a wave caused by a change in wave velocity because of entering a new medium |
| Medium | Whatever material a wave travels through |
| Diffraction | The bending of a wave around an object or through an opening |
| Interference | When two or more waves overlap |
| Constructive interference | When waves overlap and intensify |
| Destructive interference | When overlapping waves partially cancel each other out |
| Absorption | When an object receives energy from a wave |