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Psych
Chapter 14 Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define psychological disorder. According to the U.S. National institute of Mental Health, what percentage of Americans suffer from a mental disorder, in any given year? | A psychological disorder is a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior. This represents 18.3% |
| What is the medical model? | psychological disorders have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital |
| Define DSM-V. Who published it? | DSM-V is the Bible. Used for classifying psychological disorders. American Psychiatric Association published it |
| How is the DSM-V utilized and by whom? | Utilized for psychiatric diagnosis, treatment recommendations, and insurance coverage purposes, by hundred of international experts in all aspects of mental health |
| What are some of the steps in determining if a person is psychologically disturbed? | asking if a person if any of this occurs? Does it cause distress? are you dangerous to ones self or others? |
| How do psychologists define a psychological disorder? Which disorders seem to be the most common? | Psychologists define a psychological disorder as a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individuals cognition, emotional, regulation, or behavior |
| Which psychological disorders seem to be the most common? | Most Common are depressive disorders or bipolar disorders, phobias of specificities object or situation, social anxiety disorder, ADHD, PTSD, generalized anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, and OCD |
| What are some of the criterion for determining psychological disorders? | The criteria are societal norms, does it meet the criteria for abnormal behavior( cause distress, danger to self or others) and then DSM-V |
| What are some of the issues with classifying disorders? What are the main anxiety disorders? | Some of the issues classifying disorders are the babel bias. The main anxiety disorders are GAD, panic disorder, phobias, OCD, and PTSD |
| How do anxiety disorders differ from the ordinary worries and fears that we all experience? | Anxiety disorders differ from ordinary worries and fears because some of us are more prone to notice and remember information perceived as threatening. |
| What are some of the symptoms that anxiety disorders share in common? | The symptoms that anxiety disorders share is being unexplainable and continually tense, intense dread, and being afraid |
| Give an example and symptomology of Generalized Anxiety Disorder | An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal |
| Give an example and symptomology of Panic Disorder | Panic Disorder is an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-ling episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, chocking, or other frightening sensations. Often followed by worry over a next attack |
| Give an example and symptomology of Phobias | Anxiety disorders marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation. |
| Give an example and symptomology of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder | Disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions(compulsions), or both |
| Give and example and symptomology of PTSD | disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience. |
| How can neurotransmitters affect Mental State? | Neurotransmitters affect mental states because if there aren't the right number of neurotransmitters releasing certain chemicals, then it changes the chemistry in our brain and elevates or depresses moods. |
| What are some of the possible "causes" of psychological disorders | Some of the possible causes of psychological disorders are poverty, substance abuse, and genetics |
| How could cognition play a role in anxiety disorders? | Cognition plays a role in anxiety disorders because we learn many of our fears by observing others. There is a higher chance of interpreting ambiguous stimuli as threatening |
| What are mood disorders? Which mood disorder Is most common? | Mood disorders are changes/elevations in moods. The most common mood disorder is major depressive disorder |
| Describe the symptoms and differences between major depressive and bipolar disorder. | Major depression is a long-lasting depressed mood that interferes with the ability to function, feel pleasure, or maintain interest in life. Bipolar disorder is repeated episodes of mania alternating with depression |
| What is mania? | Hyperactive, widely optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgement is common |
| What was bi-polar disorder originally called? | Bi-polar disorder was originally called Manic Depressive disordered |
| What are some "famous" people who have suffered from various psychological disorders? | Some famous people who have suffered various psychological disorders are Russel Brand, Samuel Clemens, and Jk Rowling |
| What are some gender- related issues of psychological disorders? | Women suffer more from depression and anxiety. Men suffer more from antisocial personality disorder and illegal drug/alcohol abuse |
| Define suicide | Suicide is the act of killing yourself, most often as a result of depression or other mental illness |
| What are some of the findings of those who are likely to commit suicide? | Suicide rates differ, by nation, race, gender, Ange group, income, religious involvement, marital status, and social support structure. Those with depression are more at risk for suicide. Women are more likely to attempt suicide. Men are more likely to |
| Why are the rates of non-fatal self-injury higher in females than males? | Males are more likely to end their lives. Men choose more lethal methods like using a gun |
| What is schizophrenia? | A group of severe disorders involving major disturbances in perception, language, thought, emotion, and behavior |
| What are some of the positive symptoms of this schizophrenia? | Patients with positive symptoms(the presence of inappropriate behaviors) might experience hallucinations, talk in deluded ways, and have inappropriate laughs |
| What are some of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia? | Patients with negative symptoms (absence of appropriate behavior) may have a toneless voice, no expressions on the face, and rigid bodies |
| What are possible causes of schizophrenia? | Genetic inheritance, chemical imbalances in the brain, family relationships, and environmental factors, and drugs |
| In which disorder do we see a different in the age of onset, between males and females? | Schizophrenia. Females are likely to show signs in early adulthood and men are more likely to show signs in mid adulthood(early 40's) |
| How do chronic and acute schizophrenia differ? | Chronic schizophrenia disorder develops gradually, and recovery is doubtful. In acute schizophrenia, the onset is sudden, in reaction to stress, and the prospects for recovery are better. |
| Approximately how many people suffer form schizophrenia in the USA? | 3.2 million people suffer from schizophrenia in the USA |
| World wide, how common is schizophrenia? | 1% of the population is diagnosed with Schizophrenia |
| What is dissociative identity disorder? | The presence of two or more distinct personality systems in the same individual at different times; previously known as multiple personality disorder |
| List some symptoms of dissociative identity disorder | Mood Swings, depression, suicidal tendencies, sleep disorders, alcohol and drug abuse, eating disorders |
| Who are some famous people who have suffered form DID? | Former NFL running back, Hershel Walker, Kim Noble |
| How common is DID? | 0.1-1% may suffer, although almost 7% may have some form of undiagnosed DID |
| Why are dissociative disorders so controversial? | DID has increased dramatically in the late twentieth century; is rarely found outside North American; and may reflect role playing by people who are vulnerable to therapists suggestions. |
| What are the 3 main eating disorders? | Anorexia, Bulimia, Binge eating |
| How do biological, psychological, and social-cultured influences make people more vulnerable to eating disorders? | Cultural pressures, low self-esteem, and negative emotions interact with stressful life experiences and genetics to produce eating disorders |
| Who seems to be the most vulnerable to acquiring an eating disorder? | Teen girls are more prone to acquiring an eating disorder. Some males are still affected |
| Why do you think that Women have such low self esteem? | I think that woman have low self esteem because they compare themselves to other women they think look better |
| How could self esteem issues influence or cause eating disorders? | Self esteem issues can influence eating disorders because if someone feels bad about the way they look, they will take any measure change it. If someone didn't have self esteem issues, they wouldn't go through the trouble of trying to change themselves |
| How could culture play a role in development of eating disorders? | Advertisements portray an unrealistic/unhealthy figure of what people should have |
| What are three clusters of personality disorders? | Anxiety, eccentric(or odd behaviors), and dramatic(or impulsive behaviors) |
| What behaviors and brain activity characterize the antisocial personality disorder? | Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a lack of conscience and, sometimes, by aggressive and fearless behavior |
| Why are personality disorders so difficult to treat? | Personality Disorders are difficult to treat because people who suffer from the condition often have abnormal thoughts and behaviors that prevent them from thinking and functioning as well as they should |
| What are some of the symptoms of personality disorders? | Some of the symptoms of personality disorders are antisocial behavior, irritability, risk taking behaviors, anger, anxiety, guilt, depression, and thoughts of suicide. |
| What are some of the possible causes of personality disorders? | Some of the possible causes of personality disorders trauma in early childhood such as abuse, violence, and neglect. |
| How many people currently have, or have had, a psychological disorder within their lifetime? | Psychological disorder rates vary, depending on the time and place of the survey. In one multinational survey, rates for any disorder ranged from less than 5% to more than 25% |
| Is poverty a risk factor for psychological disorders? | Yes, poverty is a risk factor for psychological disorders |
| What is the relationship between poverty and psychological disorders? | The conditions and experiences associated with poverty contribute to the development of psychological disorders. Some disorders, such as schizophrenia can drive people into poverty |
| How can entire families be affected by having a family member who suffers from a psychological disorder? | Entire families can be affected by having a family member who suffers from a psychological disorder because the disorder could be genetic, making the risk of acquiring the disorder increase, or the family would have to adapt and take care of their member |
| At what times of life do most psychological disorders strike? | Usually by early adulthood |
| Define Prevalence | A statistical concept referring to the number of causes of a disease that are present in a population at a given time whereas incidence refers to the number of new cases that develop in a given period of time |
| Which country had the highest prevalence of psychological disorders | The United States had the highest prevalence of psychological disorders |
| Which country had the lowest prevalence of psychological disorders? | Nigeria had the lowest prevalence |
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